Background: The present study was aimed to study alterations in levels of zinc and copper in senile cataract patients.Methods: 25 senile cataract patients in age group of 50 to 80 years and 25 control group were included in the study. Serum zinc and copper levels were determined by colorimetric method.Results: Significantly increased levels of serum zinc in cataract patients (199.8±24.32 µg/dl) were found as compared to controls (85.80±3.6 µg/dl) (p<0.0001). Serum copper concentration in cataract patients (249.5±34.59 µg/dl) were significantly (<0.0001) increased when compared to controls (125.7±4.66 µg/dl).Conclusions: Copper and zinc are involved in the pathogenesis of cataracts by different mechanisms such as damaging lipid membranes and lens capsule, crosslinking and in solubilization of lens proteins, leakage of beta and gamma crystalline into the aqueous humour through the production of hydroxyl radicals and peroxyl radicals. So, abnormal elevation of serum copper and zinc can be used as a marker in the opacification of the lens cortex in age-related human cataract.

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Background: The present study was aimed to study alterations in serum levels of calcium and phosphorus levels in senile cataract patients.Methods: 25 senile cataract patients in age group of 50 to 80 years and 25 control group were included in the study. Serum Calcium and Phosphorus levels were determined by Orthocresolphthalein, Fiske SubbaRow method respectivelyResults: Significantly increased levels of serum calcium in cataract patients (11.58±1.65 mg/dl) were found as compared to controls (8.53±1.45mg/dl) (p<0.0001). Serum phosphorus concentration in cataract patients (5.28±0.46 mg/dl) were significantly increased when compared to controls (3.02±1.23mg/dl) (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Presence of G-protein receptors in lens leads to the release of intracellular calcium.  As total calcium in the lens increases, we hypothesize that higher intercellular calcium concentrations, coupled with decreased Ca2+-ATPase activity and greater membrane permeability could lead to elevated free intracellular calcium levels causing cataract. So, abnormal elevation of serum calcium and phosphorus can be used as a marker for prevention of age-related human cataract.

Dyslipidemia over time leads to atherogenesis in both diabetics as well as prediabetics. The study aims to assess the correlation if any between the blood glucose levels [HbA1c] and the lipid cholesterol levels among the prediabetes group. Method: A total of 91780 cases were reviewed across India from the same group of laboratory across 7 years from Jan 2015 to May 2022. The lipid profiles and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] were tested in all of them. The separation and quantification of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in EDTA whole blood was done on the Tosoh HLC-723 G8 glycohaemoglobin analyzer, an ion exchange HPLC instrument. Analysis of reports of lipid profile which includes triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol was done using enzymatic colorimetric test method on Roche analyzer. The prediabetes group was classified based on the HbA1c levels and the lipid profile levels were analysed among them. Results: The analysis showed percentage of prediabetes cases was 40.36%. Age group of >60 years had the maximum prediabetes cases (79.65%), whereas female group had slightly higher proportion prediabetics then males (62.09% VS 61.05%). Prediabetes group showed a significant association with borderline HDL (OR: 1.14, p value <0.0001), major risk HDL (OR: 1.33, p value <0.0001), desirable non HDL cholesterol (OR: 1.31, p value <0.0001), borderline high non HDL cholesterol (OR: 1.54 p value <0.0001), high non HDL cholesterol (OR: 1.60, p value <0.0001) and very high non HDL cholesterol (OR: 1.65, p value <0.0001). We also observed a significant association of borderline high triglycerides (OR: 1.22, p value <0.0001) and high triglycerides (OR: 1.89, p value <0.0001). High VLDL was also associated with pre diabetics (OR: 1.31, p value <0.0001). Conclusion: The study showed that most of the lipid profile parameters were higher in the prediabetes group as compared to the healthy non-diabetic group. The HDL levels were shown to be lower among the prediabetics as compared to the non-diabetics. A mandatory lipid profile screening among prediabetes patients will prevent further cardiovascular risk among them. Key words: Diabetes, prediabetes, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], dyslipidaemia, high density lipoprotein [ HDL], Low density lipoprotein [LDL], cholesterol

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