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Background: Keeping skin integrity functioning and skin barrier protection is an important aspect of nursing care. ICU patients are susceptible to various skin complications, such as pressure ulcers and moisture-related skin damage. Aim: This study aimed to pinpoint incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) risk determinants among ICU patients. Design: A prospective observational research design was conducted. Setting(s): Data collection was done in two general ICUs. Participants: A convenience sample of 200 intensive care inpatients was involved. Tools of data collection: One tool, "Risk Determinants of IAD tool", was used to assess the determinants contributing to IAD. It consisted of three parts, part I used to assess demographic and clinical data; part II used to assess ventilation and hemodynamic patient data, and part III used to assess skin condition. Results: About 60.5% had male gender, with a mean age of 49.51 ± 10.54, and about 69.5.% of the overall sample had IAD. Concerning the severity of IAD, 78.4% had a risk for IAD with no redness and skin intact, 19.4% were categorized as grades I, and 2.2% were categorized as grade II. Conclusion: ICU patients' exposure to several risk factors can damage their skin integrity. It can be concluded that increasing age, female gender, sepsis, neurological disorders, a high score on the perineal assessment scale, fever, hypoalbuminemia, enteral nutrition, wet skin, poor hygiene practice, and watery diarrhoea are associated risk factors for IAD in patients with a critical illness. Recommendation: Early identification and management of IAD should be early by using standardized skin protocols and skin assessment tools.

Background: Intensive care unit patients had a life-threatening condition and muscle weakness that caused active movement limitations and bathing ability. Aim: To identify the hazards associated with intensive care unit bed hygienic nursing care practices. Research design: A prospective descriptive research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in general intensive care units at Al-Behera hospitals in Egypt. Population: 120 nurses and 270 patients were included. Tools of data collection: Tool one was developed that consisted of three parts. Tool two was used to determine hazards associated with bed hygienic nursing practices Results: 71% of studied patents were male with a mean age of 49.09±6.12. The mean of ICU days was 14.06±5.01. 70.8% of studied nurses was female with a mean age of 28.07±4.23. Risk of fall (99.9%) and dislodgment of invasive devices were the most hygiene hazards related to patients. Ratio of nurses to patients (99.3%) and lack of staff assistance (98.5%) were also most hazard related to nurses. While lack of equipment (99.9%) was the most environmental factor. Conclusion: Multivariate analysis logistic regression for hygiene hazards in studied patients were discontinuous from mechanical ventilator, medications, invasive devices, changing position, and nurses with chronic back pain and ICU beds. Recommendation: In-service training and continues workshops to train in hygiene practice is needed. Nurses in charge should have skills to supervise and observe nurses' performance and poor hygiene practices should be modified.

Background: Traditional teaching is the most direct and successful instruction approach. The use of Videobased online learning for CPR is considered an effective instruction method and could be highly beneficial in training high school students to perform competent CPR. This study aimed to evaluate effect of implementing cardiopulmonary resuscitation video-based online learning in acquiring the knowledge and skills in the physical education students. Material and method: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. A convenience sample of 220 undergraduate physical education students was included. Two tools were utilized to obtain data for this study. Tool, one comprised two parts; part one, sociodemographic data; and part two, a cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge questionnaire. Tool two used to assess CPR procedure using cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills checklist. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in both learning groups in the immediate and after one-month period knowledge test (p immediate <0.001, p one month period <0.001). The video online learning group had a significant increase in their practical skills than the traditional learning skills in the immediate test (p immediate <0.001) and after one month test (p one month period <0.001). Conclusions: Using video-based online learning in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training effectively acquired the knowledge and skills in physical education students. Recommendation: Using video online learning effectively improve psychomotor skills to non-medical and medical students and facilitates remembering effective CPR skills. Video-based learning help nursing educators to deep understand the benefits and value of utilizing this method in the clinical training of CPR skills for medical and nonmedical individuals which increase their satisfaction and skill acquisition.

Background: Patients who seek the emergency department frequently require prompt care that may involve giving them treatment to manage symptoms that include pain. Patients are frequently required to wait for long amounts of time without having their pain evaluated or given analgesics, making pain management a frequently neglected part of acute care. Aim: To determine emergency nurses' barriers to assessing and managing pain. Design: A descriptive research design was included. Settings: This study was performed in the emergency units of Damanhour Medical National institute hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 110 emergency nurses who worked in the emergency unit of selected units. Tools of data collection: One tool for emergency nurses' barriers to assessing and managing pain was developed. This tool comprised of two parts. Part one sociodemographic data and part two was adopted. Results: The mean age of the examined nurses were 42±19. About 59.09% of them were female. The reported nurses related barriers to assess and manage pain were inadequate staff knowledge, inadequate assessment of pain management of barriers to management pain, and lack of education with pain assessment tools. Physician associated barriers were ineffective consideration of pain and pain relief. System concerned barriers were the patient-to-nurse ratio and lack of alternative nonpharmacologic therapy for pain Management. Patient related barriers were difficult to assess patients using a pain scale, inability to communicate with patients and hemodynamic instability. Recommendation: Nursing educators need to revise the nursing curriculum in the scope of emergency nurses. Health policymakers need to establish regulations for pain assessment in emergencies. Using administrative strategy and plan to overcome on high nursing workload and patient-nurse ratio.