Background: Because vitamin D may have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, we explored whether maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in normal pregnancy have association with diabetes-related hormone levels and glycated albumin (GA). Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed to collect serum samples from 612 pairs of pregnant women and cord blood of their offspring. Levels of 25OHD and GA in maternal and cord blood were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme assay, respectively. Using cord serum, 12 diabetes-related hormones were assayed. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to quantify the strength of association between biomarkers. results: A prominent association between maternal and cord 25OHD levels (r = 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.73-0.79, P < 0.0001) and weak association between maternal and cord GA (r = 0.22, 95% CIs: 0.14-0.30, P < 0.0001) were shown. Among the 12 diabetes-related hormones, both maternal and cord 25OHD levels showed prominent negative associations with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). conclusions: These results suggest that decreased maternal 25OHD may be associated with decreased cord 25OHD and increased cord GLP-1 and GIP levels, which may be involved with the transfer of maternal glucose to the fetus. INTRODUCTIONVitamin D is made primarily under the skin by exposure to sunlight and can be obtained to a lesser extent in foods such as mushrooms, oily fish, and egg yolks. Vitamin D is first hydroxylated in the liver to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), then a very small amount of 25OHD is activated in the kidney to play important roles in the body, including in bone integrity and calcium metabolism (1). Indeed, vitamin D supplementation with calcium can prevent bone fracture and bone loss in the elderly (2). In addition to calcium metabolism, vitamin D repletion for 12 wk not only increases serum vitamin D concentrations but also improves β-cell activity (3).Moreover, maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (4,5). In fact, recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have suggested that vitamin D supplementation can decrease fasting glucose as well as insulin levels in gestational diabetes (6,7), although the results have been inconsistent (8). In addition, associations between serum 25OHD and glucose levels in pregnant women without gestational diabetes remain unknown. Therefore, using a Bio-Plex MAGPIX Suspension Array System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), we performed screening of cord blood for 12 well-known diabetes-related hormones: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1); glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP); ghrelin; insulin; c-peptide; glucagon; leptin; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1); resistin; visfatin; adipsin; and adiponectin. We then analyzed associations between levels of these hormones and ...

This safety review revealed that the safety profile of laninamivir for abnormal behavior/delirium and syncope was similar to that of other neuraminidase inhibitors. As stated in the labeling, teenage patients inhaling laninamivir should remain under constant parental supervision for at least 2 days and should be closely monitored for behavioral changes to prevent serious accidents associated with abnormal behavior/delirium. Furthermore, to avoid syncope because of inhalation, patients should be instructed to inhale in a relaxed sitting position.