Catalytic deterioration during electrocatalytic processes is inevitable for conventional composite electrodes, which are prepared by depositing catalysts onto a rigid current collector. In contrast, metals that are liquid at near room temperature, liquid metals (LMs), are potential electrodes that are uniquely flexible and maneuverable, and whose fluidity may allow them to be more adaptive than rigid substrates. Here we demonstrate a self-healing electrocatalytic system for CO2 electroreduction using bismuth-containing Ga-based LM electrodes. Bi2O3 dispersed in the LM matrix experiences a series of electrohydrodynamic-induced structural changes when exposed to a tunable potential and finally transforms into catalytic bismuth, whose morphology can be controlled by the applied potential. The electrohydrodynamically-induced evolved electrode shows considerable electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to formate. After deterioration of the electrocatalytic performance, the catalyst can be healed via simple mechanical stirring followed by in situ regeneration by applying a reducing potential. With this procedure, the electrode’s original structure and catalytic activity are both recovered.

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A layered nanocomposite CoTMPyP/NbWO6 was fabricated by exfoliation/restacking method. The structure and morphology of LiNbWO6, HNbWO6 and CoTMPyP/NbWO6 were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, UV-Vis and IR. It indicated that the CoTMPyP molecules were arranged about 67∘ between the layers of [NbWO[Formula: see text]. Moreover, the Zeta potential of [NbWO[Formula: see text] colloidal dispersion is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mV, indicating that the colloidal suspension exfoliated by TBAOH solution is stable. Meanwhile, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements were used to explore the electrochemical properties of CoTMPyP/NbWO6 nanocomposite modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The modified GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation and the oxidation reaction was proved to be a diffusion-controlled process. DPV measurements demonstrated that the CoTMPyP/NbWO6 modified electrode detects AA linearly over a concentration range of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] with a detection limit of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.0.

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