The results showed that at-home bleaching did not affect the SBS significantly whereas in-office bleaching reduced SBS of metal, ceramic, and composite brackets significantly. It is preferable to use metal or ceramic brackets than composite brackets for bonding 24 h after bleaching.

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Objective: To evaluate the surface roughness of the ceramic samples subsequent to various surface conditioning methods using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to find out the best surface conditioning methods in feldspathic and IPS-Empress-2. Materials and methods:A total of 120 disk samples were prepared for the present study. Samples were divided into namely Group A: Feldspathic (60) and Group B IPS-Empress -2 (60). They were further subdivided into six groups each containing nine samples each based on different surface conditioning. After each surface conditioning method, the surface roughness of one sample from the surface conditioning groups and the control group were subjected to SEM for determining the surface roughness in the two groups. These samples were not used for the shear bond test because the measurements destroyed the surfaces. Results:The shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic surface when sandblasting with aluminum oxide yielded the highest (14.64 ± 2.14 MPa) and least among the control groups (0 MPa). The shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to IPS-Empress-2 ceramic surface when sandblasting with aluminum oxide with silane yielded the highest (10.19 ± 0.56 MPa) and least among the control groups (0 MPa). Conclusion:Surface conditioning with Co-Jet sand which produced silicatization resulted in a favorable bond strength in both feldspathic and IPS-Empress-2 ceramic surfaces. It was shown that it produced the least surface roughness among all the other surface conditioning groups.

An increasing number and variety of firms and organizations are exploiting and creating we based business opportunities. Parallel, several researches has been conducted on business to consumer (B2C) e-retailing (Liu and Arnett, 2000;Collier and Bienstock, 2006;Deng et al., 2010. However, in a country like India where the culture of E retailing in drastically new , but the potential is huge there is a significant need to determine the derivers for customer satisfaction, trust and repeat purchase. Maintaining customer repeatpurchase intention and avoiding significant switching behavior to sustain operations and gain competitive advantage is thus important for E-retailers (Kuo and Hu, 2012). This paper aims at investigating the impact of convenience, Perceive Risk, Variety, Shopping experience and Price on the Shopping involvement of the online customers. Moreover, the effect of shopping involvement and customer satisfaction is being evaluated on repeat purchase intensions of the customers.Based on the research findings, this study makes suggestions regarding management strategies typically for retailers who see Indian customers as a prospect for E-Retailing.

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