N. Serum uric acid is associated with cardiac diastolic dysfunction among women with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309: H986 -H994, 2015. First published July 25, 2015 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00402.2015.-Serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with the severity and prognosis of systolic heart failure. We investigated the potential association between SUA and cardiac diastolic dysfunction among total of 744 cardiac patients (202 women and 542 men) who had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Presence of diastolic dysfunction was assessed by echocardiographic data, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentration, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction increased with increasing SUA value in women, but not in men. When sex-nonspecific SUA quartiles were used, multivariate logistic regression analysis, among female patients who were not taking uric acid lowering medication, showed that the third (SUA, 5.7-6.4 mg) and the fourth (SUA, Ն6.5 mg/dl) SUA quartiles were associated with diastolic dysfunction with an odds ratio of 3.25 (P Ͻ 0.05) and 8.06 (P Ͻ 0.001), respectively, when compared with the first SUA quartile (Յ4.7 mg/dl). When sex-specific SUA quartiles were used among these population, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the fourth SUA quartile (Ն5.7 mg/dl) was associated with diastolic dysfunction with an odds ratio of 5.34 (P Ͻ 0.05) when compared with the first SUA quartile (Յ4.1 mg/dl). By contrast, the relationship between SUA and diastolic dysfunction was not significant in men, irrespective of which of the sex-nonspecific or sex-specific SUA quartiles were used. These data indicated that among cardiac patients with preserved ejection fraction, SUA was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction in women but not in men. ALONGSIDE THE AGING POPULATION, the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, or diastolic heart failure, is increasing, and this increase is more prominent in women than in men, who demonstrate striking disparity with regard to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (2,3,25). This disparity might be explained by the fact that aging-associated concentric ventricular remodeling is greater in the female heart (35). In addition to sex difference, several clinical characteristics are known to be associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction including older age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and potassium concentration (23). The prognosis for diastolic heart failure may be as poor as that for systolic heart failure (11, 31), and most therapies that have been shown to be effective for systolic heart failure seem to be least effective for diastolic heart failure (11,15,26,32,42). Thus factors that are not only related to diastolic dysfunction risk but also potentially modifiable by lifestyle interventions or certain medication need to be identified for the better management of diastolic cardiac dysfunction, especially in wom...

We herein report the case of a 53-year-old man with severe coronary ischemia who underwent successful coronary artery bypass surgery. Of note, he had hypercholesterolemia and presented with multiple large tendinous xanthomas and thickened Achilles tendons that had been present for more than two decades. Together with a family history of dyslipidemia, the patient was diagnosed as having familial hypercholesterolemia. Irrespective of an extensive search for possible mutations in the genes presumably involved in the patient's pathophysiology, including low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) and apolipoprotein B (APOB), we were not able to identify the gene mutations responsible for the phenotype observed in the present case.

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