The second Born corrections to the electrical and thermal conductivities are calculated for the dense matter in the liquid metal phase for various elemental compositions of astrophysical importance. Inclusion up to the second Born corrections is sufficiently accurate for the Coulomb scattering of the electrons by the atomic nuclei with Z 26. Our approach is semi-analytical, and is in contrast to that of the previous authors who have used fully numerical values of the cross section for the Coulomb scattering of the electron by the atomic nucleus. The merit of the present semi-analytical approach is that this approach affords us to obtain the results with reliable Z-dependence and ρ-dependence. The previous fully numerical approach has made use of the numerical values of the cross section for the scattering of the electron off the atomic nucleus for a limited number of Z-values, Z=6, 13, 29, 50, 82, and 92, and for a limited number of electron energies, 0.05MeV, 0.1MeV, 0.2MeV, 0.4MeV, 0.7MeV, 1MeV, 2MeV, 4MeV, and 10MeV. Our study, however, has confirmed that the previous results are sufficiently accurate. They are recovered, if the terms higher than the second Born terms are taken into account. We make a detailed comparison of the present results with those of the previous authors. The numerical

Climate change affects agriculture by altering not only output quantity, but also crop quality. We quantify the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture through changes in both quantity and quality, where quality is measured by crop grades. Our model controls for methodological issues regarding sample selection, aggregation, phenology, and nonlinearity. The empirical application to Japanese rice production indicates that temperature effects are asymmetric: quantity is especially vulnerable to cold, whereas quality is vulnerable to extremely high temperature. Using these results, we simulate the effect of global warming, and we find that warming (a 3 °C increase) increases farm revenues by improving yield but decreases revenues as a result of deteriorating quality. The net effect is negative, suggesting that quality matters more than quantity. The negative effect, however, can be mitigated by shifting cultivation periods and/or regions. Overall, our results suggest that the estimated impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies could be severely misleading unless quality is considered.

This paper examines the effect of the Clean Development Mechanism regulations that create temporary certified emission reductions on harvesting decisions, land use allocation, and the carbon supply in forest plantations. We develop a model that solves the landowner's harvesting decision when revenues from carbon uptake are included. Rotation intervals and carbon credit supply slightly increase. Fast growing tree species with shorter rotation intervals have relatively more inelastic carbon credit supply curves than slow growing tree species with longer rotations. With moderate carbon prices, most carbon sequestration gains originate from the extensive margin through the expansion of forest land, but approximately 22–35% of total carbon sequestered comes from the intensive margin through an increase in rotation intervals. The contribution to carbon sequestration from the intensive margin is more significant as the carbon price increases. Dans le présent article, nous avons examiné les répercussions que les règles du mécanisme pour un développement propre (MDP), qui délivre des unités de réduction certifiée des émissions temporaire (URCEt), ont sur les décisions de récolte, les changements d’utilisation des terres et l’offre de crédit de carbone dans les plantations forestières. Nous avons élaboré un modèle qui aide les propriétaires fonciers à prendre des décisions de récolte lorsque les revenus tirés de la séquestration du carbone sont pris en compte. Les intervalles de rotation et l’offre de crédit de carbone augmentent légèrement. Les essences à croissance rapide exigeant de courts intervalles de rotation ont des courbes d’offre de crédit de carbone relativement plus inélastiques que les essences à croissance lente exigeant de longs intervalles de rotation. Compte tenu des prix modérés du carbone, la plupart des gains tirés de la séquestration du carbone proviennent de la marge extensive associée à l’expansion des terres forestières, bien que près de 22 à 35 p. 100 de la quantité totale de carbone séquestré proviennent de la marge intensive associée à une augmentation des intervalles de rotation. La participation à la séquestration du carbone à partir de la marge intensive devient plus importante à mesure que le prix du carbone augmente.

* Research results and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The results in this paper have been screened to insure that no confidential information is revealed. We thank Erik Dohlman, Keith Fuglie, Jim MacDonald and other participants in the ERS/RRED lunch seminar series for comments on the paper. We also thank Eldon Ball,

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