Bakteri Coliform merupakan indikator terjadinya pencemaran tinja dalam air. Banyaknya Coli-form di dalam air dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia yang mengkonsumsi air terse-but. Salah satu upaya untuk menurunkannnya adalah melalui disinfeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan disinfektan alami berupa campuran serbuk kulit nanas dan arang aktif dalam menurunkan MPN Coliform pada air bersih. Penelitian ini me-rupakan pre-xperiment dengan menggunakan rancangan one group pre-test post-test. Ada tiga variasi disinfektan yang digunakan (yaitu perbandingan 1:1, 1:2 dan 1:3) dan dua waktu pe-maparan, masing-masing diaplikasikan ke dalam 5 liter air yang mengandung bakteri Coliform, dalam tiga kali ulangan. Pemeriksaan MPN Coliform dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Ju-rusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis statistik menggu-nakan t-test terikat pada α 0,05 menghasilkan nilai p sebesar 0,003 yang menunjukkan bahwa MPN Coliform pre-test dan post-test berbeda secara bermakna. Hasil analisis berikutnya de-ngan menggunakan one way anova pada α yang sama, untuk pemaparan 30 menit diperoleh nilai p value 0,249, dan untuk pemaparan 60 menit diperoleh nilai p value 0,724; yang berarti bahwa MPN Coliform hasil post-test di antara tiga variasi dosis disinfektan yang digunakan pada kedua waktu pemaparan, tidak berbeda secara bermakna. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa campuran serbuk kulit nanas dan arang aktif sebagai disinfektan ala-mi berpengaruh dalam menurunkan MPN Coliform. Namun demikian, perbedaan penurunan yang terjadi di antara ketiga dosis dan waktu pemaparan yang diteliti tidaklah signifikan.

Coliform bacteria is an indicator of fecal water contamination. The number of coliform bacteria in water can cause illness in humans who consume the water. One of the efforts to decrease it is by using disinfectants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natu-ral disinfectant made from the mixture of pine-apple peels powder and activated charcoal for decreasing MPN Coliform in water. The study was a pre-experiment with one group pre-test post-test design. There were three variation of the disinfectants, i.e. 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 ratios, in two exposure times, and each was applied to 5 liters of coliform contaminated water, in three replications. The examination of water were conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of Environ-mental Health Department of Yogyakarta Polytechnic of Health. The result of statistical analysis by using paired t-test at ? 0,05 obtained a p value of 0,003; which means that the pre-test and post-test of the MPN Coliform were significantly different. The subsequent results by one way anova test at same ?, for 30 minutes exposure the obtained p-value was 0,249; and for 60 minutes exposure the p-value was 0,724. It means that the post-test examination of MPN Coli-form among the doses and time variations were not signifcantly different. Based on the results it can be concluded that the mixture of pineapple peels powder and activated charcoal as natural disinfectant affects the decrease pf MPN Coliform in water. However, the reduction differences among the three doses and the two exposure times under study were not significant.

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Background:The Covid-19 pandemic caused great stress, especially for health workers which resulted in moderate or severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and more serious stress. Gender is very influential, given the differences in biological and social roles between men and women. Gender differences between men and women allow for variations in strategies in responding to mental health to increase awareness and self-management, so as to avoid mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was performed by searching articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer Link, and health-related databases. The keywords used in the article search were "health workers" AND "covid-19" AND "mental health". The inclusion of the criteria in this study is a full text article, from 2019-2021, with astudy design cross-sectional. The article analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3. Results: There were 5 articles analyzed, the results showed no significant difference between gender and mental health responses among health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic (aOR= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.59-2.13; p=0.01). Conclusion: Not significant between primary studies regarding gender differences in mental health responses to health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic.