This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/TL165Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark. Cover (clockwise from top): Images via Matyas Rehak/Fotolia, francis49/Thinkstock, Flavijus Piliponis/Fotolia.iii PrefaceMore than 2 billion people around the world, especially in developing countries, do not have access to high-quality services related to food, energy, and water. To provide information to development agencies and efforts focused on food, energy, and water resources, the RAND Corporation developed the Pardee RAND Food-Energy-Water Security Index. The index can be accessed online through an interactive RAND website (www.rand.org/t/TL165) that allows exploration of the data through maps and charts or downloading of the data for offline analysis. This report serves as the technical documentation for the index.Funding for the development of the Pardee RAND Food-Energy-Water Security Index was provided by philanthropic contributions from RAND supporters and income from operations. Additional funding was made available through the establishment of the Pardee Initiative for Global Human Progress, made possible by the generous support of Frederick S. Pardee.The index described in this report (available at www.prgs.edu/pardee-initiative/foodenergy-water/interactive-index.) provides a standardized, quantitative, and transparent estimation of the nexus between food, energy, and water that can easily be used by policymakers, the development community, scientists, and the public interested in improving human development worldwide. RAND Infrastructure Resilience and Environmental Policy ProgramThe research reported here was conducted in the RAND Infrastructure Resilience and Environmental Policy program, which performs analyses on urbanization and other stresses. This includes research on infrastructure development; infrastructure financing; energy policy; urban planning and the role of public-private partnerships; t...

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication.ISBN: 978-1-9774-0163-2 For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2515Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.R® is a registered trademark. Cover: REUTERS/Ibraheem Abu Mustafaiii Preface Gaza has long suffered from a dual water crisis: a shortage of potable water for drinking, cooking, and hygiene, combined with a lack of wastewater sanitation. In addition, more than 108,000 cubic meters of untreated sewage flow daily from Gaza into the Mediterranean Sea, creating extreme public health hazards in Gaza, Israel, and Egypt. While these problems are not new, rapidly deteriorating infrastructure, strict limitations on the importation of construction materials and water pumps, and a diminished and unreliable energy supply have in recent years accelerated the water crisis and exacerbated the waterrelated health risks.This report describes the relationship between Gaza's water problems and its energy challenges and examines the implications of Gaza's water crisis for public health. It reviews the state of the current domestic water supply and state of water sanitation in Gaza and analyzes water-related risks to public health in Gaza and potential risks for Israel and Egypt. The report then recommends a number of steps to ameliorate the crisis and decrease the potential for a regional public health disaster that take into consideration current political constraints. The audience for this report includes stakeholders involved in Gaza, including the Palestinian, Israeli, and Egyptian governments, various international organizations and nongovernmental organizations working on the ground there, and the donor community seeking to rehabilitate the region. The report should also be valuable to academics and experts assessing the current status of Gaza's humanitarian crisis and its possible effects if unaddressed.

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

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