As the standards movement continues into its third decade, there remains a need for alignment methodologies that can be broadly applied to study instruction and policy. This article reports on a series of development efforts meant to revise the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) surveys and methods to study the implementation of new college-and career-readiness standards. The work included a meeting of content experts, a series of cognitive interviews, two validation studies, and a small pilot. We discuss both the results of the specific studies and the implications of the work for other potential users of the SEC or SEC-like tools.

The role of a Gay-Straight Alliance as a force for social justice, as well as for support in a school community, is highlighted in one GSA's story. The GSA and an annual countywide conference, PrideWorks, have as their key goals education and advocacy. Their focus on making schools an inclusive and respectful place where all are welcome and valued carries a message for students, parents, and professionals. An underlying theme of bright, articulate teens as the leadership force emerges through the students’ words and adults’ reflections. The stories of the GSA and conference are told through interviews with key individuals, including teachers, current and former students, and other school personnel. Connections are made to the larger context of the “new gay teenager.”

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This chapter summarizes the history and effects of standards-based school accountability in the United States and offers suggestions for accountability policy moving forward. It analyzes standards-based accountability in both the No Child Left Behind Act and the Every Student Succeeds Act, and discusses the effects of accountability systems. The authors argue that school accountability systems can improve student achievement, but that unintended consequences are possible. How accountability systems are designed—the metrics and measures used and the consequences for performance—has both symbolic and practical implications for the efficacy of the system and the individuals affected. Synthesizing what is known about the design of school accountability systems, the authors propose policy choices that can improve the validity, reliability, transparency, and fairness of these systems.