ObjectiveEvidence on the impact of legislative changes on individual alcohol consumption is limited. Using an observational study design, we assessed trends in individual alcohol consumption of a Swiss adult population following the public policy changes that took place between 1993 and 2014, while considering individual characteristics and secular trends.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSwiss general adult population.ParticipantsData from 18 963 participants were collected between 1993 and 2014 (aged 18–75 years).Outcome measuresWe used data from the ‘Bus Santé’ study, an annual health survey conducted in random samples of the adult population in the State of Geneva, Switzerland. Individual alcohol intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Individual characteristics including education were self-reported. 7 policy changes (6 about alcohol and 1 about tobacco) that occurred between 1993 and 2014 defined 6 different periods. We predicted alcohol intake using quantile regression with multivariate analysis for each period adjusting for participants' characteristics and tested significance periods. Sensitivity analysis was performed including drinkers only, the 10th centile of highest drinkers and smoker's status.ResultsBetween 1993 and 2014, participants' individual alcohol intake decreased from 7.1 to 5.4 g/day (24% reduction, p<0.001). Men decreased their alcohol intake by 34% compared with 22% for women (p<0.001). The decrease in alcohol intake remained significant when considering drinkers only (28% decrease, p<0.001) and the 10th centile highest drinkers (24% decrease, p<0.001). Consumption of all alcoholic beverages decreased between 1993 and 2014 except for the moderate consumption of beer, which increased. After adjustment for participants' characteristics and secular trends, no independent association between alcohol legislative changes and individual alcohol intake was found.ConclusionsBetween 1993 and 2014, alcohol consumption decreased in the Swiss adult population independently of policy changes.
Background: Prurigo nodularis is a condition of unknown origin defined by papulonodular eruption and intense pruritus. Hodgkin lymphoma often presents nonspecific initial symptoms. An association between systemic malignancy and cutaneous manifestations has long been documented. We report a case of prurigo nodularis as a first presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma. Case: A 35-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of pruritus. Previously diagnosed with bedbugs, the pruritus persisted even after insect eradication, with the appearance of papulonodular lesions consistent with chronic prurigo. The pruritus and the pain were refractory to all treatments. She had no past medical history or clinical, radiological, or laboratory findings. A lymphadenopathy was revealed 2 years after onset of the symptoms. Lymph node biopsy showed a nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was initiated on chemotherapy and the skin lesions decreased. Conclusion: This case report of chronic prurigo as the first manifestation of a systemic malignancy reminds us of the importance of a systematic diagnostic approach to this kind of patients initially and throughout time, especially if the symptoms do not respond to treatment. Our case may question the role of imaging examinations in the management and follow-up of a persistent prurigo nodularis.
Hintergrund: Prurigo nodularis ist eine Krankheit unbekannten Ursprungs, die durch papulonoduläre Effloreszenzen und starken Juckreiz charakterisiert ist. Hodgkin-Lymphome manifestieren sich anfänglich oft mit unspezifischen Symptomen. Eine Assoziation zwischen systemischen malignen Erkrankungen und kutanen Manifestationen ist schon seit Langem dokumentiert. Wir berichten hier über einen Fall von Prurigo nodularis als Erstmanifestation eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms. Fall: Eine 35-jährige Frau stellte sich mit seit 2 Jahren bestehendem Pruritus vor. Nachdem zunächst Wanzen als Ursache diagnostiziert wurden, der Pruritus jedoch auch nach Bekämpfung der Insekten anhielt, kamen papulonoduläre Läsionen hinzu, die dem Bild einer chronischen Prurigo entsprachen. Juckreiz und Schmerzen sprachen auf keine Behandlung an. Die Patientin hatte keine einschlägige Vorgeschichte bzw. lagen auch keine früheren klinischen und radiologischen Untersuchungsergebnisse oder Laborbefunde vor. Eine Lymphadenopathie wurde 2 Jahre nach dem Auftreten der ersten Symptome entdeckt. Eine Lymphknotenbiopsie ergab ein nodulär-sklerosierendes Hodgkin-Lymphom. Eine Chemotherapie wurde eingeleitet, und die Hautläsionen gingen zurück. Schlussfolgerung: Der hier beschriebene Fall einer chronischen Prurigo als erstem Anzeichen einer systemischen malignen Erkrankung unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, bei diesen Patienten sowohl anfangs als auch im gesamten Verlauf bei der Diagnose systematisch vorzugehen, insbesondere wenn durch die Behandlung keine Besserung der Beschwerden eintritt. Unser Fall könnte die Rolle der Bildgebung im Management und Follow-up der persistierenden Prurigo nodularis in Frage stellen. Übersetzung aus Case Rep Dermatol 2018;10:122-126 (DOI: 10.1159/000489161)
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