Background:The prevalence of backache is increasing in children with heavy weighed school bags and abnormal sitting posture both, at home and school. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this much avoided issue of back pain among school going children of Hyderabad, Sindh.Methodology: 240 pupils (range, 7-14 years old) were recruited in their respective schools of Hyderabad city. Inclusions were all the present students on that particular day of data collecting and excluding those who were absent that day. A preformed questionnaire form was filled with all due consent, following which, examination was done to check the parameters of height, weight, BMI, weight of school bag, and posture analysis. Result:The prevalence of back pain was 46.7% among the total 240 subjects studied. Out of which 14.4% boys and 32.3% girls were affected. The majority of affected children were age group of 10-12 years old. In our study 61% children had school bags weighing around 5 kg, which is point to be considered by high officials of Primary Education System in Pakistan. Conclusion:The symptoms of backache were significantly visible in those students carrying heavy bags in proportion to their own weight and BMI. This was also closely related to the time duration, subjects were spending in front of computer/ television. After analysis and all, it turned out that a significant number of students were affected by abnormal postures leading to backache-, which may be held equally responsible for further Alleviation of such symptoms later in life.

Background: Cervical radiculopathy, generally entitle as pinching of the nerves which causes severe shooting pain which mostly pass through the shoulder. Along with it causes muscle weakness and numbness into the arm and hand. In majority of the cases, cervical radiculopathy responds well to conservative mode of treatments which incorporate physical therapy with medical management. The aim of this study is to uncover the effective and evidence based conservative treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Method: Randomized controlled trial study conducted from January 2014 to December 2014. Participants were recruited from physiotherapy OPDs of tertiary care hospitals. A total number of, 100 subjects with a ratio of 50 men and 50 women were recruited between the ages of 25 and 55 years with unilateral cervical radiculopathy. Control group received combination of conventional AROM exercises and modalities including TENS and superficial thermotherapy as a treatment while experimental group received manual cervical traction and combination of conventional AROM exercises, modalities including TENS and superficial thermotherapy. For both groups, treatment was designed for two weeks (6 sessions/ week). Improvement in symptoms was assessed by evaluation of both groups on the basis of visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: After 2 weeks of treatment, patients with neck pain showed marked decreased in pain as compared with the control group (P<.001).For pre and post level a paired sample t-test was used and the results with p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Mean difference of 0.94 (VAS) with a significant p-value (P<0.01) was obtained shows the respective improvements in the numeric pain scale scores. Conclusion:Manual cervical traction when used with conventional AROM exercises and modalities were effective methods for decreasing pain in cervical radiculopathy. Recent literature supports such protocols involving multiple interventions. Results of this study also supported the treatment options in cervical radiculopathy in a multimodal approach.

Background: Children were major part of our society and their health issues were too much, so it's necessary that child should b healthy so their health assessment is important worldwide the acceptable method for assessment of health status is anthropometry (weight & height). This study was done to assess the anthropometric measurement of primary school going children of Karachi, sindh Pakistan, and evaluate how much students were underweight. Methods:The study was done in different primary school of Karachi including private semiprivate and government. The study design was cross sectional study. The sample size of our study was 240, including both genders male& female with range between 7-12 years. Result:The result shows that 34.9% were underweight (below 5th percentile), 63.44% were normal weight (between 5-95th percentile) and only0.8% overweight (above 95th percentile).The result showed male-female ratio was 51.5% boys and 48.5% were underweight. The prevalence of underweight in private sector was only 9.5% but in government it was 45.5%.The height of student also calculated and 26.3% children were below the 5th percentile of height for the age, 62.8% were between 5th to 95th percentile and 10.9% above 95thpercentile. Conclusion:The prevalence of underweight in primary school going children in Karachi shows the dietary requirements of children are not fulfilled properly and this may lead to many sever pathological conditions, so it is necessary to take positive steps regarding awareness of proper diet, hygiene and growth & development of child.

Background: LBP is a condition with a high prevalence and recurrence rate. This condition has the potential to create a major impact on the individual over extended periods of time. Numerous reasons and factors for lower back pain have been suggested; including age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity of the patient. There are different treatments and techniques being implemented, however their effects are minimal. Students at University level are at high risk of LBA due to prolonged sitting and standing hours.Methods: Research was conducted on 190 students of ISRA University, Karachi Campus. The duration of the study was 6 months, the participants were randomly selected, who were studying in ISRA University, Karachi Campus and self-administered questionnaires with consent forms were distributed to all the participants. Participants were asked to complete the questionnaire and return it to the concerned person after one week.Results: 71.6% had history of low back pain whereas 28.4% did not have history of low back pain. 84.7% students used computer whereas 15.3% did not use computer. 65.3% left the class room due to low back pain whereas 34.7% did not leave the class room. 61.6% students had prevented normal work from 1-7days due to low back pain during last 12 months, 26.8% prevented normal work from 0 days whereas 11.6% students had prevented normal work from 8-30days due to low back pain during last 12 months. Conclusion:The overall aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of low back pain among the undergraduate students of ISRA University, Karachi Campus. The study provided a detailed awareness about the level of prevalence of lower back pain among the undergraduate students. The results of this study showed that most of the students were experiencing lower back pain, and it was also found that it is directly related to their work.

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