1. The use of sodium glutamate as a medium for freeze-drying Lact. bifidus significantly enhanced the stability of the dried product, especially the heat stability.2. The optimal concentration of sodium glutamate, as a drying medium, was found to depend on the bacilliary concentration; the higher the concentration of the bacilliary suspension used the higher was found to be the optimal concentration of the sodium glutamate.3. It was possible to classify various drying media according to the degree of sublimation of the product during the process of freeze-drying. Two types were observed; in the first, which included sodium glutamate and glucose, the sublimation rate diminished with the increasing concentration of the medium, whereas in the second group, which included polyvinyl pyrrolidon K 90 (PVP), soluble starch and dextran, no such diminution was observed when the concentration of the medium was increased.4. By the combination of sodium glutamate or glucose with a medium belonging to the second group sublimation was found to be promoted.5. The stabifity-conferring effect of sodium glutamate on dried Lact. bifidus was markedly enhanced when the glutamate was combined with a drying medium belonging to the second group. This effect is attributed to a desiccation-promoting property of the latter medium.6. Lact. bifidus as a freeze-dried preparation showed a somewhat better survival rate when sealed in air than when sealed in vacuo. In the case of other anaerobic organisms tested there was no significant difference in the survival rates under the two methods of storage.

The effect of acute denervation of the kidney on renal sodium and water excretion, and hemodynamics including intrarenal blood flow, was studied in anesthetized dogs. The intrarenal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere method. In all experiments denervation natriuresis and diuresis were observed without significant change in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and distribution of intrarenal blood flow. There was, however, an associated increase in potassium excretion. We suggest that denervation natriuresis and diuresis may be caused by the elimination of a direct nervous control of sodium and water reabsorption.

The effects of intrarenal arterial (6.5 µg/kg/min) and intravenous (33 µg/kg/min) administration of propranolol on sodium excretion and renal hemodynamics were studied in anesthetized dogs. Heart rate, plasma renin activity and renal plasma flow were reduced by propranolol administered by either route. Blood pressure was reduced following intravenous infusion. Urinary sodium excretion was reduced by propranolol. This reduction was inversely correlated with the basal state of sodium excretion, and was also correlated with the reduction of glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow and blood pressure. We suggest that the antinatriuretic effect of propranolol is due to the reduction of glomerular filtration rate and of hydrostatic pressure in the proximal tubule, although additional factor(s) are not completely ruled out.

1. We have monitored intra-arterial pressure continuously throughout the day and analysed every beat by computer. 2. Baroreflex sensitivity (ms/mmHg) was measured four times a day (07.00, 12.00, 17.00 and 20.00 hours) in seven patients and three times a day (07.00, 12.00 and 17.00 hours) in 23 patients. The diurnal variation of baroreflex sensitivity in individual patients was 0--5.3 ms/mmHg and was not consistent. Mean baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects. 3. A negative correlation was seen between baroreflex sensitivity and the variability of systemic blood pressure. 4. Baroreflex sensitivity was well correlated with the variability of heart rate.

This commitment is reflected in our continued support of technology development and innovation in our current and future energy systems. Our organizations have each supported a variety of research and development activities and initiatives in collaboration with national laboratories, academia, and industry partners that explore and utilize different technologies to meet a variety of energy demands. Nuclear energy is an important part of the global clean energy supply, providing nearly one-third of the world's non-emitting electricity and complementing and enabling other clean energy sources, including renewables. Recognizing this current and future potential for nuclear energy, the Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy Future (NICE Future) initiative was launched in 2018 at the Ninth CEM in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since its launch, the NICE Future initiative has succeeded in initiating broad, cross-sectoral dialogue among CEM member countries to highlight the roles that nuclear energy can play in bolstering economic growth, energy security, and access, and environmental stewardship. This includes exploring and building awareness about how innovative nuclear energy technologies across both large and small-scale applications, such as small modular reactors (SMRs) and other advanced reactors, can drive clean growth. To explore and communicate the increasingly flexible roles that nuclear energy technologies can play in integrated clean energy systems of the future, the NICE Future initiative proudly launched the Flexible Nuclear Campaign for Nuclear-Renewables Integration (Flexible Nuclear Campaign) at the 10 th CEM in Vancouver, Canada in 2019. The International Energy Agency's (IEA's) 2019 World Energy Outlook forecasts that electricity generation from variable renewables could range from 36% to 67% by 2040. As more renewables connect to the grid, many countries are developing innovative options to employ more flexible operation of traditional and base load energy sources, like nuclear, to produce electricity and heat to meet demand. This report brought together experts from around the globe to share expertise and study opportunities for innovative and advanced nuclear systems to operate flexibly and work in tandem with renewables, contributing to clean energy systems of the future. As demonstrated in technical analyses summarized in this report, nuclear energy offers flexibility in certain electricity markets around the world, and new nuclear technologies could extend the versatility of nuclear energy systems further. At its most basic, nuclear energy can operate flexibly by ramping power output up or down to match grid demand; however, nuclear energy's services extend beyond just electricity generation. Around the world, research is underway to explore how nuclear systems can use generated thermal