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Clinical trials are essential to test the safety and efficacy of new treatments in any population. The paucity of drug trials especially in the neonatal population has led to the widespread use of unlicensed or off-label medications, exposing them to the risks of drug toxicity and ineffective treatment. Ethical and operational challenges are no longer considered valid excuses for not conducting drug trials in neonates. We recently participated in a combined phase-2 and phase-3 trial investigating a new indigenous goat lung surfactant extract (GLSE) for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. In this article, we share pertinent challenges faced by us during the trial to better inform and foster-positive discussion among drug developers, administrators, regulatory authorities, patient advocacy groups, and researchers. Also, we provide many tools developed for the GLSE trial that can be modified and used by prospective trialists.

Iminium‐enamine catalyzed chemical reactions provide a blueprint to carry out diverse organocatalyzed cascade reactions with high selectivity and efficiency and therefore, this class of reactions holds a great promise to offer important synthetic strategies to deliver valuable and useful natural products as well as biologically potent compounds with immense significance. The applications of enamine‐iminium (EN‐IM) catalysis in organocatalytic cascade reactions become a very useful strategy in organic synthesis. This review article aims to focus on an important overview about different strategies employed in the production of value added organic products. An effort has also been made to demonstrate the applications of merged Iminium‐enamine activation techniques in proceeding organo‐cascade reactions to illuminate the advantage of atom economy and step economy in the chemical reactions.

The titanocene(III) chloride (Cp2TiCl) mediated stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydrofurans has been achieved by a reaction that proceeds through a tandem radical cyclization reaction between a Baylis–Hillman adduct and an activated bromo/iodo compound. The reaction of an epoxide with the Baylis–Hillman adduct furnished a spirolactone through a radical cyclization followed by an in situ lactonization. Cp2TiCl was prepared in situ from commercially available Cp2TiCl2 and zinc dust in tetrahydrofuran.

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