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Background: There is an increase in the frequency of resistant and recurrent dermatophyte infections in India. We undertook a study to isolate the organisms in different clinical presentations and to study their sensitivity to clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole, and griseofulvin. Aims: The aim of this article was to study the clinico-mycological pattern of dermatophytes and their in-vitro sensitivity to commonly used antifungals. Objectives: The objectives were as follows: (1) to study the clinico-mycological patterns of dermatophytosis and (2) to study the in-vitro sensitivity patterns of culture isolates to clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole, and griseofulvin. Materials and Methods: A total number of 48 patients were included in the study. The study period was from August 2019 to February 2021. Skin scrapings and nail clippings were inoculated in Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolates were identified based on gross colony characteristics and microscopic morphology of their micro- and macroconidia and accessory structures. The isolates were then transferred to sterile distilled water in vials and stored. The clinical isolates stored in the stock solution were subcultured on to Potato dextrose agar. Then, the antifungal disks and Griseofulvin E strip were applied on to the plates. The zones of inhibition around the disks were measured and recorded. In the case of E strip, the minimum inhibitory concentration value is read from the scale in terms of µg/mL, where the ellipse edge intersects the strip. Results: The total number of cases included were 48. Commonest clinical presentation was co-occurrence of Tinea cruris and corporis (33%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated in 56% of cases. Isolates showed highest sensitivity to clotrimazole (87.5%) followed by miconazole (60.4%). Only 8.3% were sensitive to fluconazole and 37.5% were sensitive to griseofulvin. Conclusion: T. mentagrophytes is the causative organism in significant numbers of dermatophytic infections. Though broth dilution is the standard method for sensitivity assay of dermatophytes, disk diffusion method could become a more simple alternative.

Background: Hair disorders are a common complaint that baffles dermatologists due to multiple causes. Trichoscopy is a noninvasive technique used to diagnose and monitor the progression of various hair disorders. Purpose: To observe the trichoscopic patterns of various hair disorders to assist with differentiation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study done in 256 patients with alopecia. After a detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations, trichoscopy was performed using a Dermlite (3Gen LLC, Sanjuan Capistrano, CA, USA) dermoscope. Results: Out of 256 patients, 154 were male and 102 were female. Most of the cases were in the age group of 21–40 years (66.4%). Nonscarring alopecias (93.35%) were common compared to scarring alopecias (5.8%). The most common alopecia noted in our study was Androgenetic alopecia 125 patients (48.82%), followed by telogen effluvium 48 patients (19.1%), the common trichoscopic follicular features noted were short vellus hair 161 (62.8%), yellow dots (61%), hair diameter variation 125 (48.82%), and black dots (21.87%). The commo interfollicular features are seen were arborizing vessels 109 (42.6%) and pigmentation in 12 patients (4.68%). Significant findings observed in each group were hair diameter diversity in androgenetic alopecia, exclamatory mark in Alopecia Areata, comma hair in tinea capitis. Cicatricial alopecias are characterized by loss of follicular ostia along with inflammatory signs such as perifollicular scales and casts. Conclusion: Trichoscopy is a very valuable and useful tool to diagnose various hair disorders by understanding the various trichoscopic patterns specific for each disease.

Neurofibromas are common nerve sheath tumors, occurring either sporadically or associated with Von Recklinghausen’s disease. Only 6.5% of solitary lesions are seen to involve the oral cavity without any features of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). It presents as a soft, skin-colored nodule with a characteristic buttonhole invagination. Histologically, it is an unencapsulated lesion consisting of proliferated neural elements, with a background of mucin and mast cells. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. A 49-year-old female patient presented with a 35-year history of single, asymptomatic lesion over the lower lip, with no features of NF-1. On the basis of the history, histopathological findings, and dermoscopy, a diagnosis of neurofibroma was made and the lesion was excised, with no recurrence over a period of 1 year. The present case report has been reported for its interesting presentation and unusual site of involvement.