Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed in various neoplasms and can be targeted for both diagnostics as well as therapeutics. This systematic review aims to compile and discuss the prevalence of somatostatin receptor expression in various neoplasms. We performed a literature search from Google Scholar and PubMed using relevant keywords to look for all publicly available data regarding SSTR expression in various cancers. Both histopathological and radiographical studies were included for SSTR assessment. We found that many cancers express SSTR with varying prevalence. SSTR is now a well-established theranostics biomarker. We now have highly sensitive and specific diagnostic modalities like gallium 68 DOTATATE and copper 64 DOTATATE scans to screen for SSTR-2 and then target it therapeutically with lutetium 177 DOTATATE. A thorough understanding of SSTR expression in other tumors will open the channels for exploring potential SSTR targeting.

The urine pregnancy kit tests are commonly used in women of childbearing age to detect pregnancy. However, these tests may fail to detect pregnancy, rarely leading to inadvertent lab and radiation exposure. The hook-effect is a rare but important phenomenon, rendering the kit tests false negative due to an improper antigen-antibody ratio.

To the Editor, Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has made an impact on the treatment of hematological malignancies. In the United States of America, since August 2017, six commercial CAR-T cell products were developed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The indications include acute lymphoblastic leukemia, several types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma. They come with a unique set of toxicities, of which, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are best known. 1 A lesser known but very serious side effect that is increasingly recognized is severe toxicity resembling hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), termed as CAR-HLH. It is debated whether CAR-HLH is a separate entity or an extended or delayed inflammatory phase of CRS. 2,3 Limited data indicate that CAR-HLH may be refractory to cytokine neutralization with tocilizumab. 4 Early studies reported an incidence of 1% for CAR-HLH 5 while a survey from EBMT centers in 2020 indicated an incidence of 3.5%. 3 Except for two case reports of patients developing HLH after the infusion of CAR-T cells, no additional data on this potentially lethal toxicity were published. 6,7 As far as experimental, non-FDA approved CAR T cells are concerned, a significantly higher incidence was recently observed with a CD22 product. 8 Therefore, we decided to access the FDA and Vizient databases to get further insight into trends, incidence, risk factors, and potential outcomes of CAR-HLH.The FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) was last accessed on March 3, 2022, to collect data on the reported cases of CAR-HLH. The search terms included all currently approved CAR-T cell products including axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel). Familial HLH cases were excluded. Four cases were eliminated because of likely duplicate reporting.We identified and manually reviewed 121 cases of CAR-HLH. The data were analyzed with regards to the associated CAR-T cell product, country, year, and mortality. To further understand the incidence of CAR-HLH cases, we further searched for secondary HLH (listed as "Overall Adverse Events" in FAERS over the last 10 years). Since the diagnostic criteria for CAR-HLH depended on each submitting institution, no further review was possible. The trend of secondary HLH cases

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by dietary gluten. It classically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms. It may also present with atypical manifestations like anemia, arthritis, infertility, or other neurological symptoms. However, arthralgia as a sole manifestation of celiac disease is a rare clinical scenario. Even though the clinical spectrum of celiac disease is broad, prompt diagnosis and management exert a protective effect against complications of celiac disease. We want to highlight and expand on the existing knowledge on atypical presentations about celiac disease.

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