Background Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become a global health emergency. To date, studies on the correlation between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infected risk had rarely reported. This study aimed to describe the ABO blood groups distribution and association to low risk of COVID-19 infection for effectively concerning about the susceptible population. Methods We included 138 COVID-19 diagnosed patients and 82 non- COVID-19 patients between January 21 and February 20, 2020.We compared ABO blood group distribution, gender distribution and correlation analysis in Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients, and analyzed the laboratory indexes of type O and non-type O groups in COVID19 patients. Results The laboratory results were significantly difference between type O and non-type O COVID19 patients (P < 0.05). Patients with blood type O had lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection (χ2 = 4.066, p = 0.044, OR = 0.380), and especially, female with the type O blood had lower risk in deteriorating severe COVID19 infection (p = 0.049). Conclusion Patients with the blood group of type O had relatively lower risk of COVID19 infection, especially, female with the type O blood had lower risk in deteriorating severe COVID19 infection. We should concern more to the patients with non-type O blood to minimize the risk of COVID19 infection.