Various studies have been done on subjects such as parenting, parent-child relationships, parenting style, effortful parenting, the concept of parenting, the cognitive development of children, and the cognition of parents. This research is mainly based on parenting practice, child development, and maturation. Children's cognitive development starts in the first year of life and then progresses gradually. Children require positive parenting in painful and different situations. Parenting gives a child the confidence to face crucial, challenging problems. Sensitive parenting and caregiving are required for the child's maturity and cognitive development. Media has been observed to be essential in improving parenting practices. Children exhibit internalizing and externalizing symptoms as a result of harsh, aggressive, and intrusive parenting. According to the data, it is seen that the risk of depression increases in adolescence. The main reason for the rise in depression in children is the non-cooperation and support of mothers and fathers. The risk of depression decreases in children whose mothers and fathers are cooperative and supportive. While family and social stress increase the chances of depression in children, a negative parenting style means children face family and social anxiety. Due to the high level of hostile parenting and low level of positive parenting, they experience stress, peer pressure, and social and family relationship problems. Another excellent term for effortful control parenting is required for children's cognitive development. Parenting is necessary for the regulation of emotions and behavior. There are many problems seen in infancy, early childhood, and late childhood. There are four types of parenting styles seen: authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting/controlling parenting, permissive parenting/indulgent parenting, and uninvolved parenting/neglecting to parent. Good parenting requires one to know the concept of good parenting, the idea of parenting, the importance of parenting and children's needs, the components of parenting, and the consequences of parenting.

Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost, resulting in non-scaly, chalky-white macules. Achromic macules and patches are side effects of the multifaceted disease vitiligo, defined as the absence of epidermal pigmentation. The causes of this disaster are three significant factors. A suppressed reaction to touch allergens is one of many abnormal activities of the hypopigmented epidermis, which has also been observed in hypopigmented rats. The white epidermis of people with albinism, which is the same color as vitiligo, is more vulnerable to skin carcinoma; the white epidermis of people with vitiligo does not develop non-melanoma skin carcinoma. The overall etiology of vitiligo, which is now categorically recognized as an immunological illness, has made significant strides in recent years. Even though vitiligo is frequently dismissed as an esthetic issue, it can have serious mental consequences and significantly interfere with daily life. A global consensus in 2011 classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other types of vitiligo. The term vitiligo has been repurposed to refer to various types of nonsegmental vitiligo. There are numerous pharmaceutical procedures available on the market that aim to stop the development of and induce epidermal repigmentation. Variable levels of skin pigmentation have been observed with such therapies, either alone or in combination, and their predominance was safe and efficient. There are few vitiligo treatments available, and none of them can reliably cause repigmentation in every individual. Individualized management is required depending on geography, physical appearance, and the presence of illness activities. The preceding study aims to provide insight into the potential prospects of vitiligo medication while also summarizing the current body of knowledge on the condition.

Aging care is critical. Projections for 2020 indicate that India's older population will comprise 6.57% of the overall population. The best-known newly developed technologies must be provided to the older population. Non-governmental organizations and private institutions are increasingly providing more door-to-door guidance and help. This study evaluated the impact of the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) in India and analyzed its achievements and challenges. The program's key strategies include providing preventive and promotional care and sickness management, empowering geriatric services, and guaranteeing optimal rehabilitation. The NPHCE is an excellent project for caring for a rapidly aging population. This study described the existing programs and schemes related to older people in India, with a focus on the NPHCE and an analysis of the program's achievements and challenges.

Abnormal prolonged labour and its effects are important contributors to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. E-partograph is a modern tool for real-time computerised recording of labour data which improves maternal and neonatal outcome. The aim was to improve the rates of e-partograph plotting in all eligible women in the labour room from existing 30% to achieve 90% in 6 months through a quality improvement (QI) process.A team of nurses, obstetricians, postgraduates and a data entry operator did a root cause analysis to identify the possible reasons for the drop in e-partograph plotting to 30%. The team used process flow mapping and fish bone analysis. Various change ideas were tested through sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to address the issues identified.The interventions included training labour room staff, identification of eligible women and providing an additional computer and internet facility for plotting and assigning responsibility of plotting e-partographs. We implemented these interventions in five PDSA cycles and observed outcomes by using control charts. A set of process, output and outcome indicators were used to track if the changes made were leading to improvement.The rate of e-partograph plotting increased from 30% to 93% over the study period of 6 months from August 2018 to January 2019. The result has been sustained since the last PDSA cycle. The maternal outcome included a decrease in obstructed and prolonged labour with its associated complications from 6.2% to 2.4%. The neonatal outcomes included a decrease in admissions in the neonatal intensive care unit for birth asphyxia from 8% to 3.4%. It can thus be concluded that a QI approach can help in improving adherence to e-partography plotting resulting in improved maternal health services in a rural maternity hospital in India.