Background: The aim of this study was to review the effects of developmental care in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting on mental and motor development of preterm infants. Method: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane library until October 8th 2017, and included randomized controlled trials that assessed effects of developmental care in NICU on mental and motor development of preterm infants at 12 and 24 months of age, using the Bayley scale of infant development in this systematic review. In addition, data were pooled by random effects model and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), calculated for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty one studies were eligible to be included in this systematic review; however, only thirteen studies had data suitable for meta-analysis. According to statistical analysis, developmental care in NICU improved mental developmental index (MDI) (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.87; p < 0.05), and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) (SMD 0.33, [CI] 95% CI 0.08-0.57; p < 0.05) of BSID at 12 months of age and PDI at 24 months of age (SMD 0.15, 95% CI-0.02-0.32; p < 0.1) of preterm infants. However, the benefit was not detected at 24 months of age on MDI (SMD 0.15, 95% CI-0.05-0.35; p = 0.15). Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that developmental care in only NICU setting could have significant effect on mental and motor development of preterm infants, especially at 12 months of age. However, because of clinical heterogeneity, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of developmental NICU care in the development of preterm infants.

Background Effects of zinc with and without iron co-supplementation on child development are uncertain therefore the aims of this systematic review were to explore whether supplementation with zinc alone and zinc with iron in children aged 0–5 years old have beneficial or adverse effects on their mental and motor development. Method We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus until July 2020 and included randomized controlled trials, which assessed effects of zinc supplementation with and without iron in children less than 5 years old on mental and motor development. Data were pooled by random effects model and the Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence interval were estimated. The heterogeneity was assessed by I2. Results Twenty-five studies with 11,559 participants were eligible to be included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis was conducted with eight articles that used Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development II. We concluded that zinc alone and zinc with iron co-supplementation do not have beneficial or adverse effect on child mental and motor development at 6 and 12 months of age with low to moderate quality of the evidence. Furthermore, Zinc supplementation does not have any long term effect on child development in preschool and school age children. Conclusion Most included studies did not show the efficacy of zinc with and without iron co-supplementation on child mental and motor development up to 9 years old age. Further Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) need to be taken into considerations the context-based differences between countries with special focus on socio-economic differences.

OBJECTIVE:The aims of this study were to assess the incidence, risk factors and complications of falls in the hemodialysis (HD) population. MATERIAL and METHODS:Using a prospective study design, chronic HD patients aged ≥50 years were recruited. The baseline characteristics and laboratory markers of all study participants were recorded. Participants were followed prospectively for 12 weeks. Patients were questioned thrice weekly about fall incidents. RESULTS:A total of 34 patients (mean age 69.1 year) participated in this study. A total of 16 falls occurred in nine (26%) patients over 12 weeks of follow-up with an incidence rate of 1.30 falls/patientyear. By applying univariate logistic regression analysis, previous fall history (odds ratio 10.5, P-value= 0.008), high parathyroid hormone level (odds ratio 1.032, P-value= 0.016) and impaired balance (odds ratio 9.00, P-value= 0.01) were identified as significant risk factors for falls. CONCLUSION:We concluded that high parathyroid hormone levels might be an important predictor of falling in HD patients in addition to impaired balance and previous fall history. As such, parathyroid hormone is a crucial factor to target for future intervention strategies aimed at reducing the fall incidence in the HD population. GEREÇ ve yÖNTEMLER:İleriye yönelik olarak ≥50 yaşta kronik hemodiyaliz hastaları çalışmaya alındı. Temel özellikler ve laboratuvar sonuçları tüm katılımcılarda kaydedildi. Katılımcılar 12 hafta boyunca takip edildi ve düşmeyle ilgili olarak haftada üç kez sorgulandı.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya toplam 34 hasta (ortalama yaş: 69,1) katıldı. Genel olarak,12 haftalık takip boyunca 1,30 düşüş/hasta-yıl oranıyla 9 hastada (26%) 16 düşüş gerçekleşti.Tek değişkenli regresyon analizi kullanılarak, önceki düşme (risk oranı 10,5, P değeri= 0,008), yüksek paratiroid hormonu düzeyi (risk oranı 1,032, P değeri= 0,016) ve denge sorunu (risk oranı 9,00, P değeri= 0,01) düşme için en temel riskler olarak saptandı. SONUÇ:Hemodiyaliz hastalarında yüksek paratiroid hormonu düzeyleri denge sorunu ve önceki düşmenin yanında düşmenin öngörülmesinde en önemli faktörlerden biri olabilir. Bu nedenle paratiroid hormonu, hemodiyaliz hastalarında düşmelerin azalması yönünde gelecekteki müdahale stratejilerinde hedef alınabilecek temel bir faktördür.