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Background: Electrical burn is a unique form of trauma, in which mortality and morbidity are very high when compared to thermal burns. The effects of electrical current depend on the type of current, voltage, tissue resistance, the pathway and the duration. Aim: The aim of the current study is to find the incidence of electric burns and evaluate the pattern of injury in tertiary burn care centre. Subjects and Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted in department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi over a period of one year. Results: Our study was done from first January 2011 to thirty first December 2011 in safdarjung hospital. Total number of patients treated for burns of all kinds during the same period is 5569. Among them total number of electrical burn incidence is 7.86% (438). The age groups maximum affected are sixteen years to thirty years. Electric burns were more common from childhood up to forty years age group. In the present study, Out of total 438 patients males were 369 and females were 69. This represented that 84.25% of the patients were male. Children constituted 18.5% (81) of all patients injured by electrical burns. In our study majority of the patients (266) had direct contact burns.125 patients had only flash burns and 47 patients had both contact and flash burns. Definite seasonal variation was observed with the highest number of patients in June to September months (48.6%). In our study we found that there were 312 high voltage injuries and 126 low voltage injuries. We found that the major cause of electric injuries was while doing agriculture related work (rural areas) in fields etc. The present study revealed that, head injuries are the major associated injuries in Electrical burns. Conclusion: We conclude that to reduce the incidence of electrical burns local governments need to impart personalized education to the rural population regarding electrical burn injuries; simple passive measures like making use of local language and dialect for manufacturers' instructions and signboards; and the print and electronic media should be used effectively to impart necessary information.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder, and it is mainly associated with renal cyst formation. Endothelial nitric oxide plays a crucial role in the control of local hemodynamics and systemic blood pressure. Thus, it has been proposed that gene coding for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) could have a modifying effect on hypertension and related complications in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are evident early in ADPKD patients, eNOS holds therapeutic promise in the treatment of ADPKD. Objectives: The aim of the present investigation is to determine the association between NOS3 27-bp VNTR in ADPKD patients and also investigate the role of progression of renal disease in ADPKD. Subjects and Methods: In the present study, we investigated by studying the rural population of 50 ADPKD patients and 90 unrelated healthy controls admitted in

Background: Electrical burns incidence is increasing due to increased industrialization and increased use of electricity and electric domestic appliances. High morbidity and mortality associated with increasing incidence of electric injury may consume alarming is high amount of resources and healthcare budget. Objective: To evaluate how early operative intervention will increase the chances of limb survival in electrical burns-at Safdarjung hospital burn unit over period of one year from January 2011 to December 2011 was reviewed and data about personal details, cause of burn, percentage of burn, treatment given, complication and final outcome were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Fasciotomies were done in 156 patients in 180 limbs. 1 patient had undergone laparotomy for ligation of RT external iliac artery. 58 out of the total 266 electric contact injured patients, represents that nearly 22% had to undergo amputations. Early flap cover after conservative debarment was done in 25 cases patients. Out of these 20 flap covers were done for upper limb defects. Minimal flap necrosis was noticed in 7 patients but the wounds healed without any further surgical intervention. In the 25 flaps done, 19 were distant flaps and 6 were local flaps. CT and MRI angiography was done in 24 patients during our study period. Out of these except for 2 CT angiography for lower limbs, all were for upper limbs. Out of 438 electric injury patients in our study, there was a mortality of 58 patients. 5 were brought dead and 53 patients expired while undergoing treatment in the hospital. This represents nearly 13% mortality rate from electrical related injuries. Conclusion: Electric burn causes significant morbidity and mortality and can be prevented easily. It was emphasized that most of the electrical injuries can be prevented by education, policy implementation and use of safety. Patients survived with morbidity due to amputation. Initial management of electrical burn is imperative to optimize function and minimize long-term scarring. However, further studies are required regarding flap repair and microsurgery to minimize in electrical.

Aim and Objectives: To analyse frequency and spectrum of non diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in type 2 diabetes patients and also determine the clinical markers associated with NDRD. Methodology: Single centre based prospective observational study carried out during the period from M a y 2016 to September 2019. Type 2 DM patients with atypical clinical renal disease who underwent renal biopsy to rule out NDRD at King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam were included in the study. Results: In the present study, the overall prevalence of NDRD with or without underlying DN in our study was 71.7%. The prevalence rates of isolated NDRD, NDRD with DN and isolated DN were 51.2%, 20.5%, and 28.2% respectively. Shorter duration of diabetes, absence of retinopathy, presence of active urine sediment are markers associated with NDRD in type 2 diabetics and are strong indicators for biopsy. Isolated DN group patients suffer significantly with hypertension compared to NDRD group. Isolated NDRD group patients had low HbA1c (<7%) values compared to isolated DN group. The most common clinical presentations are RPRF, AKI and acute deterioration in renal function. The common lesion found in NDRD patients with or without underlying DN was acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. In Isolated NDRD group, primary glomerular diseases were most common. IgA Nephropathy was the most common glomerular disease in our study. Conclusion:To conclude, it is difficult to differentiate NDRD from DN merely on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria and kidney biopsy is an important diagnostic tool to define underlying disease and to identify the treatable causes.