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Objective: To summarize current trends in the pathogenesis and management of disc degeneration and suggest areas where more research would be of benefit. Methods: The available literature relevant to Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) was reviewed. PubMed, MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were used to review the literature. Institutional Review Board approval was not applicable for this study. Results: This article summarizes trends in the pathogenesis and factors associated with disc degeneration. Conclusions: The genetic contribution to lumbar disc degeneration is a newer concept, still being researched in different populations around the world. Investigators have demonstrated a familial predisposition in the etiology of lumbar disc degeneration. The effect sizes of most genetic variants are small and, thus, individual gene-environment studies must have very large sample sizes to provide compelling evidence of any interaction. Level of evidence; Narrative review of available literature.