We predict SnP 3 to be an easily exfoliable and dynamically stable twodimensional (2D) material with thickness-dependent electronic properties. On the basis of density functional theory calculations, we show that mono-and bilayer SnP 3 has relatively low cleavage energies of 0.71 and 0.45 J m −2 , lower than several other 2D materials and comparable to that of graphene (0.32 J m −2 ). Mono-and bilayer SnP 3 have an indirect band gap of 0.83 and 0.55 eV, respectively, and the magnitude of the gap can be tuned by applying strain. Remarkably, pristine monolayer SnP 3 has a relatively high carrier mobility in the range of 3000−7000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , at par with well-known 2D semiconductors such as MoS 2 , phosphorene, and other phosphorus-based layered materials such as GeP 3 and InP 3 . Mono-and bilayer SnP 3 also show large optical absorption, resulting from the existence of the van-Hove singularities in the electronic density of states. The combined properties of layered SnP 3 , in particular, its high carrier mobility and tunable band gap, along with large optical absorption coefficient, open up interesting possibilities for nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.

In order to overcome the limitations of graphene due to lack of intrinsic bandgap, it is generally functionalized with hydrogen or halogen atoms like fluorine and chlorine. Generally, such functionalization yields a moderate to high bandgap material in case of 100% coverage, for example ≈ 1.5 eV in graphene functionalized with chlorine atoms or chlorographene. In this paper, using ab initio calculations, we report very interesting transformations observed in chlorographene under external strain, driving it to a state with nearly vanishing bandgap (under tensile strain) and even converting it to a metal (under compressive strain). We also show the importance of spin-orbit coupling, responsible for the few meV bandgap of chlorographene observed under high tensile strain, which would have been a gapless semi-metal otherwise.The past decade has seen a tremendous growth of two dimensional (2D) materials, with numerous discoveries of atomically thin layers with fascinating properties suitable for applications in next generation electronic, optoelectronic and magnetic devices. 1 The rise of 2D materials started with the first successful isolation of a single layer of graphite, known as graphene. 2-4 Post-discovery, graphene enthralled the researches with it's fascinating electronic-transport properties like quantum Hall Effect at room temperature, very high carrier mobility, long mean free path and ballistic transport of electrons. 4 In addition to this, superior mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity and remarkable flexibility of graphene makes it an ideal candidate for device applications.The origin of exotic electronic-transport properties of graphene lies in it's linear energy dispersion (resembling the Dirac spectrum of massless fermions) at the highsymmetry points located at the six corners (denoted as K points) of the hexagonal Brillouin zone. 5,6 Since the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied band touches each other at the Dirac points (K points), graphene is classified as a semi-metal. Unfortunately, lack of intrinsic bandgap limits the use of graphene to some extent. For example, the advantage of ultrahigh electron mobility is nullified by high off current in graphene based field effect transistor (FET) devices.Fabrication of nanoribbons and quantum dots is one possible solution, as bandgap appears due to quantum confinement effect. 7 Although graphene nanoribbons have several interesting features, like spontaneous spin polarization along the edges, their fabrication with atomically controlled edge shapes remains a challange. [8][9][10] Other alternative is to functionalize graphene via chemical adsorption of hydrogen 11,12 or halogen atoms like fluorine 13-16 and chlorine. [17][18][19] Unfortunately, this leads to a large bandgap of magnitude 3.5-3.7 eV in case of hydrogenation, 2.9-3.1 eV in case of fluorination and 1.2-1.5 eV in case of chlorination, as reported in several computational and experimental studies. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Reducing the bandgap is certainly going to make t...

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There are several interconnected entities present within the networked data for which the generation of inferences is important. For instance, hyperlinks are used to interconnect the web pages, calls are used to link the phone accounts, and references are used to connect the research papers and so on. Almost every existing application includes networks within it. The daily lives of individuals include social networking, making financial transactions, generating networks that show physical systems and so on. The manner in which the nodes present within the system influence each other can be known through this research. On the basis of observed attributed of an object within the system, another attributed is predicted using new model. The various network traffic classification techniques are reviewed in terms of certain parameters.