Aim: To evaluate the sealing ability of three different types of sealers using confocal laser microscopy. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted single-root premolars were selected and divided into three groups (20 teeth in each group) according to the type of sealer used, namely, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, AH Plus, and Bio C Sealer. Root canal preparation and obturation were done in all the samples. Roots was dissected transversely in apical plane. Percentage of gap from region to canal circumference was calculated using a confocal laser microscope. Samples were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: High dye penetration was seen with AH Plus compared to MTA Fillapex and least with Bio C Sealer. The AH Plus is the best sealer with respect to seal ability of all the three. Conclusion: This study helps to appraise the sealing ability of the different types of sealers using confocal laser microscopy which is useful for the success of root canal treatment. Clinical significance: As sealer has to seal voids, foramina, and canals, it should have good penetration for the success of root canal treatment.

The process of 3 Dimensional (3D) printing is used to create a 3D object with the help of a computer aided design (CAD) model, by successive addition of material layer by layer thus it is also known as additive manufacturing. During 1990’s, the technique of 3D printing was only applied for the manufacture of aesthetic or functional prototypes and was suitably named as rapid prototyping. The following descriptive review presents with an overview about contemporary 3D printing technologies and their use in various specialties of dentistry and largely focusing on the applications of this technology in the endodontics.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate eruption pattern and occurrence of caries in children affected with fluorosis. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty subjects (75 each with/without fluorosis) with age group of 7-8 years were selected. Dental fluorosis assessed on the buccal surfaces of the permanent incisors and molars and scored using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index. The tooth were scored as emerged when at least one cusp of the tooth was visible in the mouth. Caries attack rate in primary and permanent teeth were estimated using DMFS and defs index in fluorosis patient. The findings were subjected to statistical analysis. The data were analyzed using Student "t " test and ANOVA "F " test. Results: There was statistically highly significant difference found in the incidence of occlusal, mesioproximal, and distoproximal caries between fluorotic and nonfluorotic patients (p < 0.001). The result of present study showed a nonsignificant association between fluoride exposure parameter and median emergence ages of permanent incisors and molar teeth. On the other hand, caries occurrence shows a significant association with fluorosis. Conclusion:In this study, a significant positive correlation exists in the prevalence of caries and fluorosis. It is concluded that occlusal and proximal caries are less pronounced in fluorosis patients. Clinical significance: Dental caries is a public health problem. In this study, we study the fluoride effect since the predominant cariostatic effect of fluoride is beneficial in extensive caries reduction without a concomitant risk of dental fluorosis.