The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the pocket technique for the treatment of prolapsed third eyelid gland in dogs. In 14 cases of protruded third eyelid gland, Morgan’s pocket technique was used. Duration of protrusion ranged from 7 days to 6 months. The affected dogs were of 6 months to 2 years. In four dogs the cherry eye was bilateral. Nine dogs were male and 5 were female. Eighteen protruded third eyelid glands were surgically treated with success in 15 eyes. Pocket technique was successfully used for repositioning of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs.

IntroductionUterine neoplasms are rare in canines and it accounts for less than 0.5% reproductive tract tumours. 1 The neoplasms of the female tubular tract are almost 3% of all canine tumours and among that 85-90 % occur in vagina and vulva.2 The commonly reported histological type of tumours of the uterus is leiomyoma i.e 85 to 95 percent uterine tumors are benign (leiomyoma) and 10 percent are malignant (leiomyosarcomas).3 Leiomyoma is benign; slow growing, non-invasive, non-metastatic arising from smooth muscles of hollow organs. 4 Steroid hormones, such as estrogens play a role in the pathogenesis of leiomyomas because it is observed that dogs with genital leiomyomas also have follicular cysts, estrogen-producing tumours, endometrial hyperplasia and mammary neoplasia. 4 Clinical signs of the condition depend on the location, size of a tumour and also on the metastasis and sometimes accompanied with pyometra. 5In uterine leiomyoma symptoms includes abdominal distension accompanied with palpable abdominal mass, polydipsia, polyuria, anorexia and weight loss, vomiting, vaginal discharge, ascites and constipation.6 Abdominal radiography, ultrasonography can be used for diagnosis. Histopathology of the tumour mass is best in confirmation of the diagnosis. Case reportThis clinical observation was made at Institute referral veterinary polyclinics. A 12 years old female GSD weighing 25kg was presented with a history of blood mixed with pus-like discharge from the vulva for the past 2 weeks. Owners reported that animal showing loss of appetite and it was operated for a mammary tumour one year back. Clinical examination revealed that animal was dull, depressed with pale mucous membrane and distended abdomen. Biochemical parameters were within the normal range. On radiographic examination, radiodensity was observed in the dorsocaudal area of the abdomen. Based on the clinical and radiological examination the case was tentatively diagnosed as pyometra. Following this, a decision was made to perform mid ventral celiotomy with the consent of the owner. It was advised to fast the animal for 12 hours and withdraw water for 3 hours prior to surgery. The animal was given atropine@0.045mg/kg s/c, xylazine@1mg/kg i/v as preanaesthetic. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine@5mg/kg i/v. Animal was given ceftriaxone@25mg/ kg i/v preoperatively. The surgical site was scrubbed and prepared for aseptic surgery. A caudal mid ventral celiotomy was performed, the uterus was exteriorized, and multiple tumours were observed in the uterus. Tumour mass along with the uterus was removed ( Figure 1A) ( Figure 1B); both the ovaries were also removed. Muscles were sutured in continuous pattern using vicryl size 1; the skin was opposed in interrupted pattern using polyamide (Figure 2). The animal was given antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for five days. Fluid therapy was given for two days, thereafter animal started taking food normally. Skin sutures were removed after 12 days. The tumour sample ( Figure 3) was sent for histopathological exa...

Abbreviations: rBM-MSC, rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; CFU-F, colony forming unit-fibroblast; DPBS, dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline; DMEM, dulbecco's modified eagles medium; EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid IntroductionIn the past decade, the field of stem cells and cell-based therapies has undergone a remarkable evolution. The potential of stem cell to differentiate into various types of cells has revolutionized their use in clinics for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions. Mesenchymal stem cells can be cultured and grown for many generations under appropriate conditions in the laboratory and still retain a stable morphology and chromosome complement.1 Bone marrow obtained mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied stem cell type that is capable of differentiating into variety of cell lineages. Differences in differentiation ability to osteogenic chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages of MSCs harvested from Murine species of various age groups and the number of passage of these cultured cells has been reported. Osteogenic and chondrogenic potential reduced with each and every age group and adipogenic differentiation ability reduced only in cells obtained from oldest donors. 2 The technique of bone marrow collection and stem cell culture vary for different species.3 Culturing of rodent bone marrow derived stem cell is a little bit difficult when compared to its human counterpart. 4 Here we describe a simple and easy technique of stem cells isolation and differentiation from adult Wistar rats. Materials and methods Bone marrow collectionTwo male Wistar rats of 14 weeks age were used for bone marrow collection. Prior permission was obtained from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) for conducting animal trials. Shortly after euthanizing the animal, back side extending from lumbar region to toes were shaved and aseptically prepared for dissection ( Figure 1A). Skin incision was given on the lateral aspect of the thigh and both tibia and femur were exteriorized after removing the muscular and tendinous attachment ( Figure 1B). Femur and tibia of both the legs were placed separately in a 50ml centrifuge tube containing DPBS (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline) and antibiotics. It was then placed under laminar hood in petridish containing DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Media) with antibiotics. With a scissor the metaphyseal region of both bones were cut. After inserting a needle into the medullary cavity the bone marrow was flushed out using DMEM into a 15ml centrifuge tube. Flushed out bone marrow was centrifuged for 5minutes at 1000rpm in order to concentrate the cells. The supernatant was decanted and 5ml of complete media was added to the tube and mixed well by pipetting. Cell suspension was layered over equal quantity of histopaque and again subjected for centrifugation at 2500rpm for half an hour. After this density gradient centrifugation mononuclear cells were collected from the interface and washed with Ca ++ and Mg ++ free DPBS ( Figure 1C). Obtained cell ...

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