Brain tumor, a mass of tissue that grows out of control is one of the major causes for the increase in mortality among children and adults. Segmenting the regions of brain is the major challenge in tumor detection. A large number of effective segmentation algorithms have been used for segmentation in grey scale images ranging from simple edge-based methods to composite high-level approaches using modern and advanced pattern recognition approaches. Gradient vector field is an effective methodology applied to extract objects from complex backgrounds. The methodology has been effectively applied to extract different types of cancer like breast, skin, stomach etc. This paper uses a segmentation methodology called Gradient Vector Field, which uses energy as the feature to segment brain tumor along with a number of standard object detection algorithms mainly Sobel, Canny, Roberts, Prewitt and Laplacian. The performance of all the algorithms is tested on synthetic datasets followed by real MRI images. This paper (i) concludes the superiority of a particular methodology over others (ii) explains in detail the runtime analysis of the algorithms (iii) In depth analysis of the manual calculations of the parameters related to all the algorithms resulting into an optimized result with minimum error.

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Abstract-Human face detection and tracking is an important research area having wide application in human machine interface, content-based image retrieval, video coding, gesture recognition, crowd surveillance and face recognition. Human face detection is extremely important and simultaneously a difficult problem in computer vision, mainly due to the dynamics and high degree of variability of the head. A large number of effective algorithms have been proposed for face detection in grey scale images ranging from simple edgebased methods to composite high-level approaches using modern and advanced pattern recognition approaches. The aim of the paper is to compare Gradient vector flow and silhouettes, two of the most widely used algorithms in the area of face detection. Both the algorithms were applied on a common database and the results were compared. This is the first paper which evaluates the runtime analysis of Gradient vector field methodology and compares with silhouettes segmentation technique. The paper also explains the factors affecting the performance and error incurred by both the algorithms. Finally, results are explained which proves the superiority of the silhouette segmentation method over Gradient vector flow method.Index Terms-Face detection, gradient vector flow (GVF), active contour flow, silhoutte.

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Artificial Intellignece (AI) is a platform lending immense assistance in discovering and developing drugs and thus, various such approaches have been developed with the intent of simplifying and improving biomedical operations such as drug repurposing and drug discovery. In the past decade, AI-based investigation of nanomedicines, as well as non-nanomedicines has reached the clinical level. In semblance with the traditional methods of therapy, nanomedicine therapy is employed at limited doses. The study of a variety of drugs resulted in the conclusion that the effect of each drug is variable for every patient and, evaluating that perfect drug combination manually is a time-consuming as well as an inefficient treatment method. Therefore, the use of AI simplifies and reduces the time consumption in determining the perfect customized drug combination for nano-therapy. The area with the most potential for meeting this reality is to optimize the drug and dosage parameters. It is a universally known fact that cancer is dangerous and unique because of the exacting challenges it poses during treatment and, to achieve a better treatment, the therapeutic effect on each patient must be delineated even if the volume of data generated is massive. The article aims at analyzing the AI technologies that help yield results much quicker, make the analyses simple, and efficient.