Vocal cord paralysis is a multifaceted problem that affects people of all ages and is initially diagnosed by various healthcare providers. It is a common condition that occurs due to the obstruction of nerve impulses from the brain to the voice box. It ranges from slight hoarseness to fatal, life-threatening complications. To get to the exact diagnosis, determining the etiology of paralysis is essential. For restoration of normal function, accurate diagnosis has proven to be helpful. Vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is a. reasonably common condition caused by a vagus nerve or its recurrent laryngeal nerve branch disease process. The nerve’s longer length causes increased vulnerability. Peripheral lesions to the vagus are responsible for 90% of VCP (Vocal cord paralysis). Etiology includes scarring due to intubation or inflammatory disorders, iatrogenic causes like surgical traumas, malignancy, CNS pathologies like stroke, CNS tumors, and systemic diseases like ALS, Guillain barre syndrome. Vocal cord paralysis can cause consequences such as a weak cough, trouble swallowing, dysphagia, stridor, hoarseness, aspiration risk, granuloma formation, airway blockage, and a lower quality of life. Various treatment modalities like tracheostomy, usage of botulinum toxin, adenoidectomy, cordotomy, reinnervation, and gene therapy are used. For this narrative review, a literature search was undertaken using "unilateral and bilateral vocal cord palsy" and "dysphagia" in the Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a problematic and distressing condition that affects both adults and children. Surgical procedures such as tracheostomy, adenoidectomy, cordotomy, and laryngeal reinnervation have been used to treat this condition successfully. Treatment modalities should be individualized according to the patient's clinical features and physician's expertise.

Auditory loss is a highly under recognised undermined issue which needs to be studied in extensive detail, as according to World Health Organisation, more than 45% of the global population has loss of auditory. The high percentage can be lowered if auditory enhancement techniques such as auditory aids or implants of cochlea were not underused. In order to increase the usage of these devices we must first understand the inner workings of the ear and the pathologies that may cause it to malfunction and then move on to proper management. Auditory loss as defined by WHO as the inability to hear as well as someone with normal auditory, these are persons having auditory thresholds of 20 dB or better than 20 dB in both ears. Auditory loss is often classified into two types, conductive auditory loss and sensorineural auditory loss which is a broad classification into which we can separate the various pathologies which bring about same outcomes. In conductive auditory loss, there is often involvement of external or middle ear where there is obstruction in relay of sound waves, hence, quite literally a problem with the conduction. Conductive auditory loss can be both congenital or acquired but most often can be resolved in a manner which will result in recovery of auditory. Sensorineural auditory loss occurs when there is dysfunction in the inner ear which often leads to progressive and permanent auditory loss. Though it can be congenital, it is most often acquired, especially when it is age related more commonly known as presbycusis which affects a large amount of the aging population. The management can be done through various processes including oral medications, surgical interventions and other manual procedures. Various assistive technologies like auditory aids and cochlear implants are also vital in preservation of auditory.