A new kind of honeycomb photonic crystal fiber structure with triangular lattice is proposed. For the proposed design three different air-hole diameters in cladding region is used. To calculate dispersion, 2-D finite difference frequency domain method with the Transparent Boundary conditions (TBC) absorbing boundary conditions is used. Through the numerical simulation and optimizing the geometrical parameters like changing the diameter of air holes (d) for photonic crystal fibers in triangular lattice structure, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to obtain ultra flatten dispersion over a wide wavelength range which lies in second and third telecom window. The ultra flatten dispersion 0±0.13 is obtained in the wavelength range 1.4 to 1.71μm. The proposed structure is designed using seven ring in which circular air holes are used. The best choice of material for the designing purpose is silica with refractive index 1.458.

This paper presents an analytical solution to the problem of selecting an optimum symbol detector for wireless MIMO communications in the LTE/4G suburban macrocell environments. Since, the use of a symbol detector in MIMO systems is often limited by the complexity it offers, it is of vital importance to use a detector which offers reliable performance but does not offer high complexity. This paper analyses the error rate performance and computational complexity of Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) and suggests the optimum detectors with reasonable complexityperformance trade-off.

In this paper, a new Modified Progressive Switching Median filtering algorithm is presented for the removal of salt and pepper noise from corrupted images. It sets a limit on the number of good pixel used in determine median and mean value and substitute to impulse pixel with the summation of its mean value and median value which is divide by 2.02, after that pass through Gaussian filter. This scheme can remove salt and pepper noise with a noise level as high as 90%. Experimental result shows that the proposed filter is superior over the traditional filter in maintaining higher PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).