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Nanoscale/microscale metal–organic frameworks (nano/microscale MOFs) are considered kinds of nanomaterials with profound application potentials in many fields due to the high specific surface area, permanent porosity, and multiple chemical functions. This review focuses on the specific synthesis strategies of nano/microscale MOFs, such as controlled mediation, template, one‐pot, and interface growth methods, through which the shape and size of the crystal can be regulated during the nucleation process. After these targeted design and synthesis strategies, nano/microscale MOFs are optimized for energy storage, catalysis, and biomedical applications based on several merits, including a large specific surface area with more active sites, smaller ion transfer resistance, and structural stability. In addition, challenges and prospects of nano/microscale MOF materials are summarized for advanced energy storage and conversion applications.