This study reports the formation of low‐molecular‐weight gelators based on carboxylic acids derived from chiral cyclicβ‐amino acids. The effect of their stereochemistry on the gelation of organic solvents was investigated, and their assemblies with the intermolecular interactions in the xerogels were proposed via infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and crystallographic details of the related model compounds. The effect of the alkyl chain length on the gelators was studied, and they were applied to the chiral recognition of amines. Only one diastereomeric salt with amines afforded gels, whereas the others resulted in precipitates. Chiral recognition was also achieved in the gel state, and the appearance of the as‐prepared gel changed upon the addition of each amine enantiomer, thus enabling the visual detection of their chirality.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Iron accumulation in vessel walls induces oxidative stress and inflammation, which can cause cerebrovascular damage, vascular wall degeneration, and intracranial aneurysmal formation, growth, and rupture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysm rupture results in significant morbidity and mortality. This study used a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm to evaluate the effect of dietary iron restriction on aneurysm formation and rupture. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Intracranial aneurysms were induced using deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and a single injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid of the basal cistern. Mice were fed an iron-restricted diet (<i>n</i> = 23) or a normal diet (<i>n</i> = 25). Aneurysm rupture was detected by neurological symptoms, while the presence of intracranial aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage was confirmed by post-mortem examination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The aneurysmal rupture rate was significantly lower in iron-restricted diet mice (37%) compared with normal diet mice (76%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum oxidative stress, iron accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the vascular wall were lower in iron-restricted diet mice (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The areas of iron positivity were similar to the areas of CD68 positivity and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in both normal diet and iron-restricted diet mouse aneurysms. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These findings suggest that iron is involved in intracranial aneurysm rupture via vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Dietary iron restriction may have a promising role in preventing intracranial aneurysm rupture.

Background: Catecholamine choices, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, for perioperative blood pressure control are essential for anesthesiologists and intensivists. However, studies in noncardiac surgery are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of postoperative norepinephrine and dopamine on clinical outcomes in adult patients who underwent noncardiac surgery by analyzing a nationwide intensive care patient database. Methods:This study was a multicenter retrospective study using the Japanese Intensive care PAtient Database (JIPAD). Adult patients from the JIPAD who received norepinephrine or dopamine within 24 hours after noncardiac surgery between 2018 and 2020 were included. We compared the norepinephrine and dopamine groups using one-to-one propensity score matching analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, length of hospital stay, and length of ICU stay. Results:The 6236 eligible patients from 69 ICUs were allocated to the norepinephrine group (n = 4652) or the dopamine group (n = 1584). Propensity score matching created a matched cohort of 1230 pairs. After propensity score matching, in-hospital mortality did not differ between the two groups (risk difference, 0.41%; 95% confidence interval, −1.15 to 1.96; p = 0.61). Among the secondary outcomes, only the length of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the norepinephrine group than that in the dopamine group (median length, 3 days versus 4 days, respectively; p < 0.001).

Background We herein present a case of venous thrombosis that developed more than 20 years after diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), although many reports of GPA have described venous thrombosis within 1 year of diagnosis. Case presentation A 73-year-old man with GPA was admitted for lower extremity swelling and diagnosed with venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. On the second day, catheter-based thrombolysis was unsuccessful, and inferior vena cava filter insertion and anticoagulation were performed. On the third day, respiratory disturbance and loss of consciousness appeared and progressed. The patient died on the fifth day. The autopsy revealed a large thrombus in the inferior vena cava filter, and death of progressive venous thrombosis was suspected. Conclusions We experienced a case of venous thrombosis that developed 20 years after diagnosis of GPA, although GPA is frequently associated with venous thrombosis immediately after diagnosis. The thrombosis progressed rapidly and was resistant to treatment.

Background: Iron is an essential element for maintaining vascular wall, however iron depositions in vascular wall cause tissue damage by oxidative stress via Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction. We hypothesized that iron promotes intracranial aneurysmal formation and rupture through oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. Using a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm, we examined whether iron restriction reduces aneurysm formation and rupture. Methods: To induce aneurysm, we combined induced systemic hypertension (deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension) and a single injection of elastase (35mU) into the cerebrospinal fluid at the right basal cistern. The mice were divided into two groups and fed with iron restricted diet (IRD) (0.32mg/100g) or normal diet (ND) (600mg/100g) for 5 weeks. Results: IRD significantly reduced the aneurysmal rupture compared to ND (ND versus IRD: 76% versus 37%; P < 0.05). Whereas, there was no significant difference in the overall incidence of aneurysms between the ND and IRD groups (ND versus IRD: 68% versus 69%; P =1.00). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that iron restriction reduces intracranial aneurysm rupture.