The lesions presenting in the oral cavity of neonates are considerably significant in pediatric dentistry. Although they pertain to the oral cavity they may reflect an underlying systemic condition. These may be clinically misdiagnosed or left untreated owing to lack of parental education, awareness and resources. Their managementrequires thorough knowledge of the various lesions and accurate clinical assessment for diagnosis, prognosis, reatment and parental counselling. Majority lesions are asymptomatic and benign hence resolve without any intervention. This review article is an overview for recognition and management of oral lesions prevalent in neonates.

Background: Saliva contains a large array of metabolites, many of which can be informative for the detection of diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a system that has long been used for metabolite profiling owing to its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and synchronized analysis; it has relatively broad coverage of compound classes including sugars, sugar alcohols, glycosides and lipophilic compounds. Aim and Objectives: The present study was conducted to explore the use of GC-MS in assessing variation in salivary metabolites and to recognize the metabolites which can be used as disease diagnostic tools and metabolite markers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The present study included clinically and histopathologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia patients (OLK) and the control group. Patients were divided into three groups: OSCC (n = 30), OLK (n = 30) and healthy individuals as controls (n = 30). Patients were refrained from eating, drinking, smoking or oral hygiene procedures for at least 1.5 h before the collection. Saliva was collected between 9.00 and 10.00 am. Samples were stored at −80°C. Filtered samples were used for GC-MS. Results: Fifteen compounds differed significantly between control, OLK and OSCC. These metabolites were decanedioic acid, 2-methyloctacosane, eicosane, octane, 3,5-dimethyl, pentadecane, hentriacontane, 5, 5-diethylpentadecane, nonadecane, oxalic acid, 6-phenylundecanea, l-proline, 2-furancarboxamide, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, pentanoic acid, Docosane. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest the application of salivary metabolomics as a promising tool in the identification of tumor-specific biomarkers in early diagnosis and prediction of OSCC and oral leukoplakia. In future, standardizing the protocol for salivary analysis and overcoming some of the limitations will be helpful to establish salivary metabolomics as a reliable, the highly sensitive and specific method for clinical use as an independent diagnostic aid.

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Background: A variety of Odontogenic cysts frequently present in the jaws. Cysts that develop from epithelial tissues involved in tooth formation are classified as "Odontogenic" and can be inflammatory or developmental in origin. The OKC is a very different form of developmental Odontogenic cyst because of peculiar clinical behavior, distinctive origin and development, specific histopathological features, unique tendency for recurrence and disputed treatment modalities. Orthokeratinized Odontogenic cyst is a relatively rare developmental Odontogenic cyst which was initially considered as Orthokeratinized type of OKC by WHO-1992, and later on OKC as KCOT in WHO-2005 classification, but now it is designated as different entity from OKC as OOC in WHO-2017 classification of head and neck region of Odontogenic tumors. Here we present a clinically diagnosed case of maxillary sinusitis which turned out to be Orthokeratinized Odontogenic cyst on histopathological examination.

Oral malignancy is very common in India because of the excessive use of tobacco chewing and smoking. Procedure of Cytology is inexpensive and unchallenging that can be carried out effortlessly at outdoor patient department to diagnose malignancy at early stage. The present study was carried out to detect cancer pre-invasive stage by use of exfoliative cytology and to probe the probability of using this technique in diagnosis of other oral lesions thought as premalignant ones. A total 102 patients referred from OPD and Surgery Department of a Private Hospital, Dispensary and Cancer Hospital, Delhi, between August 2019 to April 2020 , were included in this study. Two smears were taken by scrap method, from each patient and were prepared after air dried stained with RAPID PAP stain. According to the Papanicolaou classification the smear were assessed along with clinical, epidemiological data and classified in group I to IV. In our result 25 cases were normal, leukoplakia 47 cases with mean age 47.5 years, 85% male. Predominantly 53% Smear show anucleated squames. 06 cases were Oral submucous fibrosis ,66.7% were female with mean age 38.3 years and, the present smear revealed rarification of nuclei in 66% cases. 02 cases of mucosal hyperemia (Erythema), one-one case of traumatic ulcer and granular buccal mucosa were included. Out of 12 cases of malignancy, male were 75% with mean age of 46 year. Buccal mucosa and tongue were the common site with incidence of 60%. The smear showed inflammatory cells in 100%, malignant cells in 75% cases either in groups or in singles. The third type of cells 60%, 37% the undifferentiated cells, and 5% cases Tadpole cells. In this study 75% cases were positive for cancer, 10% were suspicious for cancer and remaining 15% were given as negative for cancer. For the diagnosis of presence or absence of malignancy in a lesion with high accuracy rate Cytology is reliable diagnostic tool. The oral cytologic technique is effortless to do and can provide the help of surgeon/physician, instead of performing an invasive procedure, like a biopsy, or desire more information regarding a lesion before referring the patient.