No abstract

This paper considers elastic shell elements. They move under pressure. The type of dependence of displacement on pressure is called the elastic characteristic of the element. The object of this study is shell elements with a complex surface shape, consisting of composite materials of the "metal-metal" type. The composite is a metal shell with reinforcing fiber made of another metal material. The form of reinforcement is different. The task to be solved is to determine the elastic characteristics of the shell elements depending on the geometric parameters, as well as the mechanical values of the shell at its various points and in different directions. To this end, algorithms were built for calculating mechanical quantities depending on the percentage of the fiber and the shell matrix. It was required to derive a system of equations for determining the displacements and internal forces in the element depending on the geometric and mechanical parameters. A numerical calculation of shell elastic elements was performed and a comparison of the results of analytical calculation according to the algorithm developed in this work and experimental data was performed. The match between these results is 99.8–100 %. The characteristics of the shell elements were determined depending on the type of reinforcing fiber and matrix, on the geometric parameters, and the type of reinforcement of the shell. These studies make it possible to design shell elements with specified characteristics and predefined sensitivity.

Work has been carried out on the study of forest areas located on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. The study of the soil was carried out by the method of laying soil sections and semi-sections with a description of the power of horizons. The soil structure was determined by the method of splitting soil samples. The determination of the granulometric composition was carried out by a wet method with a division into the sand, sandy loam, light loam, medium loam, heavy loam, and clay. According to the structure and chemical analysis, the types of soils for each forestry are determined. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for the categories of areas. The areas of plots Suitable for all major forest species and areas with existing forests and forest crops overgrew with self-seeding were also determined. During the reconnaissance route-loop survey of land plots, types of plant associations were identified. A comprehensive ecological and geographical study the forestry was carried out to carry out afforestation work. Mainly, the identification of types of plant associations made it possible to conduct a preliminary assessment on the ground about the quality of the studied sites for the restoration of forests.