Background/objectives There is an urgent concern about physical inactivity among children caused by recent restrictions for containing the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This scoping review aims to identify the impact of the pandemic and related factors on children's physical activity (PA). Methods Twenty-one studies published in 2020 that evaluated PA among children under the age of 18 were extracted from electronic databases. The survey contexts, samples, PA measurement methods, and main findings of each study were categorized and summarized. Results The review yielded the following results: 1) the PA of children and adolescents mostly decreased; 2) the decrease in PA was more prevalent in boys and older children and adolescents; 3) the decrease in PA was less prevalent in children who live in detached houses, houses with more space, rural areas, and with more family members; and 4) parental support and consideration of location and activity types may help children maintain or increase their PA during the pandemic. Conclusion This review shows a decline in PA among children and raises concerns about the pandemic's impact on physical and mental health. Declines in PA appear greater among children who participate in organized team sports and those with limited space and opportunity for habitual PA at home or in their neighborhood. Public support for children and families should consider these findings to prevent the negative effects of physical inactivity.
The purpose of this study was to identify the learning sequence in the National Standards for Dance Education [NSDE]. To achieve this objective, we set the following three tasks; 1) to identify the frameworks of learning sequences in each grade-band, 2) to reveal the characteristics of content knowledge organized in Outlines of Sequential Learning, 3) to illustrate the rationale behind the learning progression in Outlines of Sequential Learning. The results showed that;1) The learning sequence in dance education in the United States were structured in three grade-band, K-4, 5-8, and 9-12. In all grade-bands, development of not only motor skills, but also cognitive (creating and appreciating dance) and social emotional (establishing relationships with others) domains of learning in
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