Background: MicroRNA (miR) dysregulation is found in Alzheimer disease (AD). A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) prevents generation of amyloid ␤ (A␤) and decrease AD pathology. Results: miR-144 suppresses ADAM10 expression and is up-regulated by activator protein-1. Conclusion: miR-144 is a negative regulator of ADAM10 and may be involved in AD pathogenesis. Significance:The first work to demonstrate the function of miRNA-144 and its regulation in the pathogenesis of AD.

Background. Several technical modifications in portal vein (PV) reconstruction have shown excellent outcomes in pediatric liver transplantation (LT); however, which procedure is the best for PV reconstruction of the hypoplastic PV in pediatric LT remains unclear. Methods. One hundred sixteen pediatric patients aged 1 or younger with biliary atresia (BA) undergoing living donor LT (LDLT) at our center were enrolled in the present study to investigate the outcomes of the different types of PV reconstruction. We compared the results between patients with and without vein graft (VG) interposition (VG group, n = 33; non-VG group, n = 83) to analyze the risk factors for PV complications (PVCs). The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. Results. PVCs occurred in 10 cases (7.2%), including 5 cases in the non-VG group and 5 in the VG group. Stenosis and thrombosis occurred in 10 and 3 cases, respectively, and 3 cases suffered from both. Three patients were surgically treated for PVCs, and 2 underwent stent insertion to treat short-term recurrence after the initial treatment. The incidence of PVCs in the 2 groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent. Although retrograde PV flow was 1 of the significant risk factors in a univariate analysis, a multivariate analysis revealed that early transplant era was the only independent risk factor for PVCs. Conclusions. VG interposition for PV reconstruction in LDLT appears to be a feasible alternative option with acceptable outcomes for patients with BA. Achieving sufficient PV flow is essential to preventing PVCs after LDLT.

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In liver transplantation (LT) for biliary atresia (BA) with situs inversus (SI), the surgical procedure is technically challenging due to multiple anatomical variations. We evaluated the surgical procedures and the outcomes in our patients and in the previously reported patients undergoing LT for BA with SI. Between November 2005 and October 2018, 235 children underwent LT with an overall 10‐year graft survival of 94.7%. Of these, 6 (2.6%) patients received LT for BA with SI. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was applied in all patients. Vascular anomalies at our center included the absence of the inferior vena cava (IVC; n = 5), a preduodenal portal vein (PV; n = 4), and an aberrant hepatic artery (HA; n = 1). Hepatic vein (HV) outflow obstruction occurred in 1 patient with an absent IVC and necessitated repositioning of the graft immediately after LDLT. PV stenosis occurred in 1 patient with a preduodenal PV at 5 months after LDLT. The overall survival of our patients was 80.0% at 3 years. In the literature, 49 patients with LT for BA with SI were reviewed. The survival rate was 91.8%, and the vascular complications included HV outflow obstruction (2.0%), PV complications (10.2%), and HA thrombosis (4.1%). All PV complications occurred in LDLT patients with a preduodenal PV (5/23; 21.7%). In conclusion, the detailed assessment of the surgical procedures and the systematic literature review demonstrated excellent outcomes after LT for BA with SI. Liver recipients with a preduodenal PV are exposed to a higher risk for vascular complications after a very challenging LT procedure with overall good outcomes.