In this study, fish samples were examined for the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Out of 200 samples collected from retail markets of Durg, Raipur, Rajnandgaon and Balod districts of Chhattisgarh State, 76 (38) and 46 (23%) samples were found contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella spp., respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index varied between 0.00 to 0.88 and 0.11 to 0.88 for E. coli and Salmonella isolates, respectively. The isolates were screened phenotypically for ESBL production and multiplex PCR targeting bla TEM , bla SHV , andbla CTX-M genes, was carried out followed by sequencing. Prevalence of bla TEM , bla SHV and bla CTX-M genes in E. coli and Salmonella isolates were found to be 13.2, 1.3, 0 and 6.5, 0, 4.4%, respectively. Higher percentage of resistant genes was detected in plasmid DNA in comparison to genomic DNA. Sequencing of PCR amplicons of bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes revealed the presence of bla TEM-116 and bla CTX-M-15 variants, respectively. The study indicates the presence of multidrug resistant ESBL producing E. coli and Salmonella in fish samples, which may pose threat to the fish consumers.

Impaired wound healing is a major concern in diabetic patients due to unregulated chronic hyperglycemia which further may lead to ulcer, gangrene, and its complications. The present study unveils the accelerative effect of aqueous Anthocephalus cadamba leaf extract on wound healing in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 30 Sprague Dawley female rats by using streptozotocin (except control group I) at the dose of 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were randomized in 3 groups viz. diabetic control group (II), diabetes + Kadam plant leaf extract group (III), and diabetes + 5% povidone–iodine solution group (IV). Surgically sterile wound of 1.77 cm2 was created on the dorsal area of anaesthetized rats. The experimental parameters were assessed by hematobiochemical, histopathological, and western blot techniques. The A cadamba extract treatment group (III) (D + KPLE) showed a significant increase in the percentage of wound closure (82%) at day 21 as compared to the diabetic control group (42%), nondiabetic control group (I) (49%), and povidone–iodine treatment group (75%) group (IV). The findings of the present study suggest that the (D + KPLE) group (III) exhibited marked epithelial regeneration, neovascularization, collagen deposition, and fibroblast proliferation along with higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as compared to the diabetic control group (II), which was confirmed by histopathological examination and western blot analysis. The present study suggests that the topical application of aqueous A cadamba leaf extract exhibits accelerative wound-healing properties in diabetic rats.

No abstract

Objective: To make scientific validation of the ethanomedicinal in relation to urinary disorders. Vitex negundo (Jacq.) Methods: Antibacterial study was carried out on clinically isolated Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) infecting bacteria by disc diffusion method. Among the two extracts tested against three different Results: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) bacteria, methanolic extract was effective against with E. coli highest inhibition zone (27 mm) followed by with inhibition zone (20 mm) and with P. aeruginosa K. pneumoniae inhibition zone (19 mm), while, hexane extract also shows highest effective against with inhibition zone (29 E. coli mm) followed by with inhibition zone (23 mm) and with inhibition zone (16 mm). P. aeruginosa K. pneumoniae Preliminary phytochemical screening shows the presence of phytoconstituents alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, viz carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins. Based on the present study, along with Conclusion: previous studies, the ethanomedicinal use of for the treatment of CAUTI has been scientifically Vitex negundo validated.

Aqueous extracts of Azadiracta indica was subjected to invitro antifungal assay against different fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternata. Plant leaves were effective against all the tested organisms. Leaf extract of Azadiracta indica contains pharmacologically active constituents that may be responsible for its activity against different fungi.The chemical constituents present in the neem plant makes it a doctor tree due to its wide scope in biological activities associated with it and has become a global context today. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of seccondry plant metabolites viz, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpinoids, Steroids, Flavinoids, Tannins and reduing sugars.