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BackgroundSilymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid complex extricated from dried fruits and seeds of the plant Silybum marianum L. Chemically, it is a mixture of flavonolignan complexes consisting of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, a minor quantity of taxifolin, and other polyphenolic compounds, which possess different bio medicinal values.PurposeThis review critically looks into the current status, pharmaceutical prospects and limitations of the clinical application of Silymarin for treating neurological disorders. In particular, Silymarin’s medicinal properties and molecular mechanisms are focused on providing a better-compiled understanding helpful in its neuro-pharmacological or therapeutic aspects.MethodsThis review was compiled by the literature search done using three databases, i.e., PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Science Direct, up to January 2023, using the keywords-Silymarin, neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Type 2 Diabetes, pharmaceutical prospects and treatment. Then, potentially relevant publications and studies (matching the eligible criteria) were retrieved and selected to explain in this review using PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) study flow chart.ResultSince its discovery, it has been widely studied as a hepatoprotective drug for various liver disorders. However, in the last 10–15 years, several research studies have shown its putative neuroprotective nature against various brain disorders, including psychiatric, neurodegenerative, cognitive, metabolic and other neurological disorders. The main underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and curing such disorders are the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-neurotrophic and pro-estrogenic nature of the bioactive molecules.ConclusionThis review provides a lucid summary of the well-studied neuroprotective effects of Silymarin, its underlying molecular mechanisms and current limitations for its usage during neurological disorders. Finally, we have suggested a future course of action for developing it as a novel herbal drug for the treatment of brain diseases.

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Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in promoting the survival of neurons in the nervous system. Polymorphism in the gene region 196G>A and 270C>T of BDNF has been studied for susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease (PD) but results from different studies are inconclusive.Objective: To carry out a meta-analysis and trial-sequential analysis of the previous studies to assess the relationship between the BDNF 196G>A and 270C>T polymorphism and PD risk. Methods:The databases were searched for the studies concerning BDNF 196G>A and 270C>T polymorphism and its association with PD risk. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for all the genetic models, from the selected case-control studies, by meta-analysis. The required information size was calculated using α = 0.05 (two sided), β = 0.20 (power 80%) and a relative risk reduction of 20%, by using trial sequential analysis (TSA).Results: Results of present meta-analysis identified an association between recessive AA Vs GG+AG genotype and PD in Asian population but no association between BDNF 196 G/A polymorphism and PD in European population. On the other hand, association between BDNF 270 C/T allele in overall studies was observed for T Vs C allelic contrast and dominant TT+TC Vs CC genotype. Conclusion:Our meta-analysis demonstrate that the evidence for associations between BDNF polymorphisms (G196A and C270T) and PD risk for few allele and genotype combinations are present but is ethnicity dependent.

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