Objective Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods Athletes (n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March–June 2020). Results Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to “maintain training,” and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is “okay to not train during lockdown,” with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes. In total, 60% of athletes considered “coaching by correspondence (remote coaching)” to be sufficient (highest amongst world-class athletes). During lockdown, < 40% were able to maintain sport-specific training (e.g., long endurance [39%], interval training [35%], weightlifting [33%], plyometric exercise [30%]) at pre-lockdown levels (higher among world-class, international, and national athletes), with most (83%) training for “general fitness and health maintenance” during lockdown. Athletes trained alone (80%) and focused on bodyweight (65%) and cardiovascular (59%) exercise/training during lockdown. Compared with before lockdown, most athletes reported reduced training frequency (from between five and seven sessions per week to four or fewer), shorter training sessions (from ≥ 60 to < 60 min), and lower sport-specific intensity (~ 38% reduction), irrespective of athlete classification. Conclusions COVID-19-related lockdowns saw marked reductions in athletic training specificity, intensity, frequency, and duration, with notable within-sample differences (by athlete classification). Higher classification athletes had the strongest desire to “maintain” training and the greatest opposition to “not training” during lockdowns. These higher classification athletes retained training specificity to a greater degree than others, probably because of preferential access to limited training resources. More higher classification athletes considered “coaching by correspondence” as sufficient than did lower classification athletes. These lockdown-mediated changes in training were not conducive to maintenance or progression of athletes’ physical capacities and were also likely detrimental to athletes’ mental health. These data can be used by policy makers, athletes, and their multidisciplinary teams to modulate their practice, with a degree of individualization, in the current and continued pandemic-related scenario. Furthermore, the data may drive training-related educational resources for athletes and their multidisciplinary teams. Such upskilling would provide athletes with evidence to inform their training modifications in response to germane situations (e.g., COVID related, injury, and illness).

Purpose: To investigate differences in athletes’ knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. Methods: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May–July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. Results: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (∼50%) than other sports (∼35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ∼38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%–49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ≥5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%–28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ≥60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). Conclusions: Changes in athletes’ training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events.

Purpose of this study was to examine the standing height of adolescents from district of Mitrovica north region of Kosovo, as well relationship between the length of the hand and standing height from both gender adolescents. A total measured subject participated in this research was 177 students from high school graduates (87 male and 90 female) females average of age is 18.28±0.45 years old (range 18-20 years) and for male 18.25±0.46 years old (range 18-20 years).The anthropometric measurements were done by trained people and were taken according to the ISAK manual. The results for body height and length of the hand were analyzed by means of the arithmetic mean (SD) and a simple correlation coefficient, while T-test analysis was used for differences between the two genders and linear regressive analysis assessed body height based on length of hand measurements. The results obtained in this paper have shown that body height can be estimated from the length of the hand, which reliably predicts body height for both genders.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of various kinesiology activities on the morphological transformation of features and motor abilities of women of different ages. The sample was consisted of 160 respondents - workers in the shoe industry “Obuća” Zvornik, ages 20-44. The same pattern was divided on the basis of chronological age on 4 sub-samples/ groups, as follows: 20-25 years, 26-31 years, 32-37 years and 38-44 years old. In this research were applied ten (10) variables of morphological characteristics and ten (10) variables to estimate the motor abilities. To determine the difference between experimental groups on the final measuring by fragmentation difference between the groups at the initial measuring and determining the effects of kinesiological treatment on the transformation of morphological characteristics and motor abilities was applied multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and the invariant level was applied the invariant analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA). So in a global assessment of the quality and justification of applying the programmed kinesiology treatment in six months, we can say that it produced significant effects on the transformation of morphological characteristics and motor abilities in the study sample. Statistically the most significant effects of kinetic activities (experimental treatment), were achieved at the first and second groups of women who are in chronological age from 20-25 and 26-31 years old.

In addition to reducing physical activity, we have a significant increase in living standards, which also increases the risk of developing overweight. Therefore, fitness as a physical activity, as a tool in terms of movement therapy, is increasingly finding application in contemporary life. With the increase of interest for fitness there is also the interest for the use of dietary supplements among the population which performing fitness.The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of use of dietary supplements in people who exercise in fitness centers, what are the reasons for their use and the types of supplements used by them. The Hi-square (x2) test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies. The results obtained show that the majority of respondents use supplements (78%), and that the source of information about the use of supplements in fitness is the fitness instructor with 56%.Among the reasons for applying supplements in fitness is the reduction of fat mass by 70%, weight loss by 70% and replacement of food deficiencies 46%. The most used supplements are Casein (protein) with 58%, L-carnitine / body attack (weight loss) with 34%, Fish oil omega 3 with 30%, Hydraxycut -elite (weight loss) with 26%.It has been 21proven that with the increase of interest of female persons for fitness, their interest for the use of dietary supplements has also increased.