COVID-19 is one of the biggest pandemics that the world is facing today, and every day, we are coming up with new challenges in this area. Still, much research is already going on to overcome this pandemic, and we also get succeeded to some extent. Diverse sources such as MRI, CT scanning, blood samples, X-ray image, and many more are available to detect COVID-19. Thus, it can be easily said that through image processing, the classification of COVID-19 can be done. In this study, the COVID-19 detection is done by classifying with the use of a type of convolutional neural network termed a detail-oriented capsule network. Chest CT scan imaging for the prediction of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 are classified in the present paper using a Detailed Oriented capsule network (DOCN). Accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity are parameters used for model evaluation. The proposed model has achieved 98% accuracy, 81% sensitivity, and 98.4% specificity.

Classification is an important task in data mining and machine learning, in which a model is generated based on training dataset and that model is used to predict class label of unknown dataset. Various algorithms have been proposed to build accurate and scalable classifiers in data mining. These algorithms are only applied to single table. Today most realworld data are stored in relational format which is popular format for structured data which consist of tables connected via relations (primary key/ foreign key). So single table data mining algorithms cannot deal with relational data. To classify data from relational format need of multirelational classification arise which is used to analyze relational data and used to predict behaviour and unknown pattern automatically. For multirelational classification, various techniques are available which include upgrading existing algorithm, flatten relational data and multiple view approach. Multiple view approach learns from multiple views of a relational data and then combines the result of each view to classify unknown data. This paper presents proposed algorithm and experimental results for multiple view approach with voting as a view combination technique.

Introduction: The first ever description of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs), made in the literature was in the mid-19th century. The management principles for it were laid by late 19th century and are still being followed. For a chronic DFU to heal, offloading of pressure, surgical debridement, correction of hyperglycaemia, the use of antibiotics are the corner stone of management. Offloading is an essential modality of prevention and treatment of recurrent plantar DFU. Aim: To compare offloading dressing to conventional dressing in promoting healing of diabetic plantar ulcers. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry between January 2019 to June 2020 among the patients with DFU coming to the Department of General Surgery. A total of 44 patients were included in the study, 22 of these patients underwent offloading dressing and 22 underwent conventional dressing and these patients were followed-up for a duration of 6 weeks and compared on 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks. The patients were compared according to age, gender, duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, risk factors, previous surgery such as wound debridement or previous toe amputation, vascular assessment and site of ulcer, reduction in size of ulcer. The ulcers in both the groups were classified according to the Wagener’s grading of ulcer classification. All data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (IBM SPSS, US) software. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 44 patients, there was equal number of males and females in both the groups, with the total mean age 53.97±10.10 years. The majority of the study population belonged to the 5th decade (51-60 years), where the youngest patient was of 29 years and oldest was of 72 years. There were 22 patients in offloading group and 24 patients in conventional dressing group as one patient had bilateral plantar ulcers and one patient had two separate ulcers on the plantar aspect of the foot. Total of 45.45% in conventional group and 31.82% of the study population in offloading group had diabetes for 5-10 years of duration. Bad glycaemic control was seen in 40.90% of offloading population and 50% in conventional population. The size reduction percentage of ulcers on comparing both the groups was found to be significant for 2nd week review (p-value=0.03) and was nearly significant for the 6th week review (p-value=0.05). Conclusion: Summarising the above conducted study, offloading dressing was found to be a more efficacious alternative to the conventional dressing as there was greater difference observed in the reduction of the size of ulcer and the patients in the conventional group needed more number of dressings and the duration of healing in the two groups.

Today, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are responsible for most hospitalizations compared to any other complication of diabetes. Foot ulceration is common and affects up to 25% of the diabetic population during their lifetime, resulting in the most common cause of hospitalizations (~30%). Plantar ulcers are the commonest neuropathic lesions in diabetes patients due to unrecognized trauma and chronic hyperglycemia are some of the known risk factors. In this review article, we assess the healing ability of DFUs if an offloading intervention was used.

Relative polycythaemia is an apparent rise in erythrocyte level in the blood. However, the underlying cause is reduced blood plasma. Relative polycythaemia is often caused by loss of body fluids seen in conditions such as burns, dehydration and stress manifesting itself as a raised Haemoglobin or haematocrit. This case series presents a clinical summary of three patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and relative polycythaemia due to reduction in plasma volume as a result of intravascular volume depletion as demonstrated by increase in haemoglobin and haematocrit.  Haem concentration may be considered as a marker for acute severe pancreatitis and correcting the volume depletion by adequate fluid improves the outcome of AP as seen in all our three patients.