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Background: Anaemia is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in India. According to WHO globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people. In India, National Family Health Survey 2009, reports that 55% of women in reproductive age group are anaemic. Maternal anaemia can cause many perinatal complications like low birth weight, preterm delivery, low APGAR score, suboptimal infant breast feeding behavior. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of OBG at VIMS and RC for a period of 1 year. Of the total 1863 deliveries during this period, only 412 patients meet the inclusion criteria. Hb% <11gm% were anaemic and with Hb% >11gm% were non anaemic. Haemoglobin estimation was done at time of hospital admission for delivery. Patients background information included education, husband's occupation, monthly family income, urban/rural dwelling. Patients' BMI, obstetric score, number of antenatal visits she has had, if iron tablets taken regularly were all noted. Perinatal parameters recorded were birth weight, gestational age at delivery, perinatal outcome (live birth, intrauterine foetal demise (IUD) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Results: Out of the total 412 patients examined, 208 were non-anemic and 204 were anemic. Mean age and B.M.I for anemic and non-anemic women were comparable. Most women in both groups were urban dwellers, attended school up to grade 10, were housewives (35.9) and multi gravidas. There was significant difference in household monthly income and husband's employment in both groups. Majority of patients in both groups had taken >3 antenatal checkups, there were significant number of anemic women (15.7%) who had no A.N.C. checkups. Around 50% of women in both groups had taken iron tablets irregularly during pregnancy; around 15.7% and 7.2% of anemic and non-anemic patients respectively did not take iron tablets at all during pregnancy, though this difference was significant. There was significant difference between the groups regarding knowledge of specific diet plan for ante and post-partum period. Only 16.2% in anemic and 22.6% in non-anemic patients knew the correct technique and duration of breast feeding. There is statistically significant increased risk of preterm delivery among anemic women, 27.9% preterm birth in anemic group and 7.2% in non-anemic group. Low birth weight was significantly associated with anemic group, also few babies with increased birth weight >3.5 kg was seen in anemic group. There were 25 IUGR babies (12.3%) in anemic and 12 IUGR babies (5.8%) in non-anemic group, and difference was significant. Conclusions: In our study we found a positive correlation between maternal anaemia and prematurity, LBW babies, Low APGAR score and PNM. . The knowledge regarding nutritious diet and breast feeding was slightly low among anaemic mothers. This compounds the problem and starts the vicious cycle of anaemic malnourished babies & mothers.

To assess safety and feasibility of non-descent vaginal hysterectomy for benign gynecological disease. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Vydehi Medical College and research centre from January 2012 to December 2013. An effort was made to perform hysterectomies vaginally in women with benign or premalignant conditions in the absence of prolapse. A suspected adnexal pathology, Endometriosis, immobility of uterus, uterus size more than 16 weeks was excluded from the study. Vaginal hysterectomy was done in usual manner. In bigger size Uterus morcellation techniques like bisection, debulking, decoring, myomectomy, or combination of these were used to remove the uterus. Data regarding age, parity, uterine size, estimated blood loss, length of operation, intra-operative and post-operative complications and hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 100 cases were selected for non-descent vaginal hysterectomy. Among them 97 cases successfully underwent non-descent vaginal hysterectomy. Majority of the patients (55%) were in age group of 40-45 yrs. Four patients were nulligravida and eight patients had previous LSCS. Uterus size was ≤12 weeks in 84cases and >12-16 weeks in 16 cases. Commonest indication was leiomyoma of uterus (43%). Mean duration of surgery was 70±20.5 min. Mean blood loss was 150±65 ml. Reasons for failure to perform NDVH was difficulty in opening pouch of Douglas in two cases because of adhesions and in one cases there was difficulty in reaching the fundal myoma which prevented the uterine descent. Intra-operatively one case had bladder injury (1%) that had previous 2 LSCS. Post operatively complications were minimal which included post-operative fever (11%), UTI (8%) and vaginal cuff infection was (4%). Mean hospital stay was 3.5 days. CONCLUSION: Vaginal hysterectomy is safe, feasible in most of the women requiring hysterectomy for benign conditions with less complications and shorter hospital stay. KEYWORDS: Route of hysterectomy, Non descent vaginal hysterectomy, intra-operative and post-operative complications.BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed major operations. Hysterectomies are performed vaginally, abdominally, or with laparoscopic or robotic assistance. When choosing the route and method of hysterectomy, the physician should take into consideration how the procedure may be performed most safely and cost-effectively to fulfil the medical needs of the patient. 1 Abdominal hysterectomy is undoubtedly the most popular with a 70:30 ratio for abdominal versus vaginal route. 1,2 Gynecologic surgeons worldwide continue to use the abdominal approach for a large majority of hysterectomies that could be performed

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The purpose of this study is to study the knowledge and experience of EC in literate women attending outpatient department of Vydehi institute of medical sciences and research centre and an attempt was made to educate them with proper knowledge of emergency contraception. DESIGN: Questionnaire based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a questionnaire based study conducted on women attending outpatient department of VIMS an RC from December 2011 to February 2012. 175 urban educated women in reproductive age group participated in this study. Majority 83.15% women (79) knew that EC should be used within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse and 7.3 % (7) were of the opinion that it should be used within a day and 2.1% (2) thought that oral EC can be used more than 72hrs after unprotected intercourse. Among the study group only 17.14% women (30) had used EC. Major reason for its use was following an unprotected intercourse in 16 women (55.3%), failure of regular contraception in 43.33% (13) and 3.3 % (1) women had misconception that it can be used for accomplishing an abortion. In our study, no side effects in 42 %, nausea and vomiting in 82%, menstrual irregularities in 22.1% among the women who has used it. RESULTS: Out of 175 women 45.7% (80) have not heard of EC and 54.3% (95) had some knowledge about EC. Television commercials were the major source of knowledge for 64.22% of the study group. CONCLUSION: Knowledge is the main barrier for the use of emergency contraception. Knowledge is poor even in educated group and in teenagers. Knowledge of EC in teenage and adolescent group is very low and 80% of pregnancies in this age group are unwanted and majority seeks abortions in an illegal way leading to unnecessary mortality and morbidity. Therefore there is an urgent need to educate the women in reproductive age group regarding EC.