Introduction: End-stage renal disease patients are in rising trend globally, and they have been foundto occur predominantly in developing countries. Many studies have been published before, withinand across the countries, to know the clinicodemographic profile of end-stage renal disease patients.However, no such studies were done in Chitwan, Nepal. This study’s main objective was to find theprevalence of newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease patients. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department ofNephrology from May 2016 to April 2019. Convenient sampling was done, and all the consecutivenew end-stage renal disease patients were included in the study. The ethical approval was takenfrom the Institutional Review Committee (reference number. 2016/COMSTH/IRC/042). Theprevalence and demographic profile of new end-stage renal disease patients were studied. The datawere analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. Results: A total of 250 new end-stage renal disease patients were found among 2200 admittedpatients. The prevalence of new end-stage renal disease was found to be 250 (11.36%). Out of 250patients, males were 156 (62.4%), and females were 94 (37.6%). The mean age was 49.6±15.5 years. Thecommonest cause of the incident end-stage renal disease was Type 2 Diabetes mellitus 89 (35.6%). Conclusions: The prevalence of new end-stage renal disease was found to be quite high. Thecommonest cause of the incident end-stage renal disease was Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Maintenance hemodialysis is a popular treatment modality of renal replacement therapy for end stage renal disease patients; however their mortality seemed to be rising in our centre. There were no previous studies regarding the clinicodemographic profile and outcome of maintenance hemodialysis patients from this region. Objective This study was carried out with an objective to know the clinicodemographic profile and outcome of maintenance hemodialysis patients in our centre. Method This study was a hospital based prospective observational study carried out over a period of three year, from May 2016 to April 2019, in the hemodialysis unit of the department of nephrology. All the consecutive end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis were included in the study. The patient’s demographic profile and outcome were studied and analysed using appropriate statistical tools. Result A total of 156 patients were enrolled in the study. Males were 96(61.5%) and females were 60(38.5%). The mean age of the patient was 52.2±15.6 years. The commonest causes of end stage renal disease and reasons for admission were Type 2 diabetes mellitus 68(43.6%) and volume overload with heart failure 101(64.7%) respectively. At the end of three years, 39(25%) were expired, 14(8.9%) were transferred to other centre and four (2.6%) underwent kidney transplantation. The average duration of hemodialysis was 20.3± 17.5 months. Majority of the patients 154(98.7%) had repeat admission ranging from 1 time 21(13.5%) to 10 times two (1.3%). There was a significant association between age ≥ 40 years and diabetes with mortality (p value < 0.003 and < 0.028 respectively). Conclusion The commonest cause of end stage renal disease and the reason of admission were Type 2 diabetes mellitus 68 (43.6%) and volume overload with heart failure 101 (64.7%) respectively. The overall mortality was 39 (25%) and the commonest cause of mortality was sepsis/health care associated pneumonia 30 (76.9%). There was significant association between age ≥ 40 years and diabetes with mortality (p value < 0.003 and < 0.028 respectively).

Background Kidney biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in Nephrology. As of now, we don’t have a central kidney biopsy registry in our country and there are many studies showing heterogeneous patterns of pathologies observed in the country. We thought of looking on the clinico-pathological profile of kidney biopsy patients prevailing in our centre. Objective This study was carried out with an objective to know the clinico-pathological profile of kidney biopsy patients prevailing in our centre. Method This was a hospital based, prospective, observational study carried out in a tertiary teaching hospital of Chitwan over a period of 3 years from May 2016 to April 2019. All the consecutive kidney biopsy patients were included in the study. The indication of kidney biopsies were the standard indication based on clinical presentation and investigations. The patient`s demographic profile, indication of kidney biopsy and histological patterns were studied and analysed using appropriate statistical tools. Result A total of 210 kidney biopsies were analysed over a period of three years, that makes around 5-6 biopsies per month. The mean age of the patient was 35.7 ± 14.9 years. Male were 106 (50.5) and females were 104 (49.5) with male to female ratio of 1.01. The average number of glomeruli was 23.4 ± 11.0. The commonest indication of kidney biopsy and histological pattern were nephrotic syndrome 56 (26.7) and IgA nephropathy 51 (24.2) respectively. Among nephrotic syndrome group, the commonest histological pattern was minimal change disease 21 (37.5). Non-diabetic kidney diseases in diabetes were seen in eight (53.4) diabetic patients making it a significant problem in diabetes and the commonest histological pattern in them were minimal change disease and idiopathic cresentic glomerulonephritis two (13.3) each. Conclusion The commonest indication and histological pattern of the kidney biopsy were nephrotic syndrome 56 (26.7), and IgA Nephropathy 51 (24.2) respectively. Non-diabetic kidney diseases in diabetes were seen in eight (53.4) of the diabetic patient making it a significant problem in diabetes and the commonest histological pattern in them were minimal change disease and idiopathic cresentic glomerulonephritis two (13.3) each.

Aim: A Study Of Prevalence Of H. Pylori In Patients With Dyspepsia Undergoing Upper G.i Endoscopy At Our Institute Study design- This is a Prospective observational study of patients treated at Tertiary health Care Centre, Pune. Type of study- Prospective observational study. Period of study- September 2020 to May 2022. Sample size150 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia. Conclusion: On Rapid Urease Test kit, H. pylori was found to be 56.67% prevalent in patients with dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Introduction: Spectrum of kidney diseases differs significantly in developing and developedcountries. However, there is no central registry regarding the nature of such diseases in Nepaland our center either. The study aims to know the clinicodemographic spectrum of kidney diseasepatients admitted to our hospital. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study done in the department of Nephrology,College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital from May 2018 to April 219. Convenient samplingwas done and all the consecutive kidney disease patients irrespective of their age, sex, and renaldiagnosis were included in the study. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional ReviewCommittee of the college (reference number. 2016/COMSTH/IRC/049). Clinicodemographic profileof kidney diseases were studied using statistical package for the social sciences version 20 and wererepresented as mean, standard deviation, number, percentage and ratio. Results: Out of a total of 829 patients, the commonest clinical syndrome and the histological patternswere end-stage renal disease 248 (29.9%) and IgA nephropathy 18 (20.7%) respectively. The meanage was 51.4±18.6 years. The commonest reason for hospitalization was sepsis 372 (44.8%). Maleswere 486 (58.6%) and females were 343 (41.4%). Conclusions: The commonest clinical presentation and the reason for admissions were end-stagerenal disease and sepsis syndrome respectively.