The past ten years have seen a lot of research on the issues of heat transfer and fluid flow in micro-channels. With an emphasis on upcoming research requirements, a critical analysis of the state of research as it stands is offered. Following a brief introduction, the study discusses six themes related to transport phenomena in micro-channels: condensation, cooling of electronics, single-phase gas flow, augmentation of single-phase liquid flow and flow boiling, and micro-scale heat exchangers. In this study, we investigate the three-dimensional heat transfer and water flow properties in a set of rectangular micro-channel heat sinks for advanced electronic systems. Over the past ten years, mini/micro channel type compact heat exchangers have received a lot of attention. The ability to make heat exchangers smaller, lighter, and cheaper than those in use now is the primary motivator. Additionally, emerging applications that call for the cooling of small things, such electronics and micro-electro-mechanical devices, need for heat exchangers with tiny channels. Theoretically, it is examined how a nanofluid moves and transfers heat through a horizontal micro channel while being affected by a magnetic field and an electric double layer (EDL). The flow problem for a micro channel with a large aspect ratio is handled as a two-dimensional nonlinear system. The magnetic field and EDL body force are taken into account while calculating momentum equation

A detailed study of separated nozzle flows has been conducted. For a subscale, non-axisymmetric, two-dimensional, convergent divergent nozzle, schlieren flow visualization was acquired along with measurements of force, moment, and pressure as part of an extensive static performance evaluation. Additionally, two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using the computational fluid dynamics package PAB3D together with algebraic Reynold’s stress modelling and two-equation turbulence closure. This study's experimental findings show that shock-induced boundary layer separation, which was classified into two distinct flow regimes: three-dimensional separation with partial reattachment and entirely detached two-dimensional separation, dominated off design over expanded nozzle flow. The impact of variable shock generation and reflections in various nozzle types on the two primary separation modes, namely Free and Restricted Shock Separation (FSS & RSS), is investigated. The flow separation problem in rocket nozzles has been an unwelcome phenomenon for engineers ever since the birth of the space era. Naturally, the engineers were given the job of bringing things under control. But it proved to be a difficult endeavor; despite the fact that many people were able to explain the physics underlying this occurrence, it is still not completely understood today.

Hybridrocket motors are widely used in heavy launch vehicles with maximum payload capacity. The main reason for the study in this field is that the hybrid rocket motor is very easy to handle and has a simple design. In this paper, we have studied the parameters involved in designing and optimizing the hybrid rockets which provides in achieving maximum performance value. The several parameters considered for parameters involve are- burn rate, specific fuel consumption, specific impulse, efficiency. The design constraints will be responsible in achieving a high thrust level through the nozzle. The study also highlights the propellants being used in hybrid rocket motor. The collaborative research will aid in briefing the design and the working of the hybrid motors that is frequently being utilized in the industry.

A mobile ad hoc network is made up of mobile wireless hosts. When hosts move, the routes change, necessitating the need for a system to find new routes. A crucial aspect of the development of wireless networks is ad-hoc networking. Ad-hoc networks often consist of identical nodes that connect with one another via wireless links without the use of a centralized controller. Ad-hoc wireless networks carry over the standard issues with wireless and mobile communications, like bandwidth optimization, battery management, and improvement of transmission quality. Due to its self-upkeep and self-configuration characteristics or behavior, mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have achieved great success and attention. Routing attacks are used to quickly alter the network topology of MANETs based on wired and wireless networks. Therefore, securing this network without infrastructure is a big problem. In recent years, experts from all over the worldhave paid particular attention to research on improving the performance of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Routing methods are especially crucial in a dynamic network environment like MANET for enhancing overall network performance. In addition to discussing the technical difficulties that protocol designers and network engineers must overcome, this paper offers insight into the possible applications of ad hoc networks. Routing, service and resource discovery, Internet access, billing, and security are some of these difficulties.

Space colonization or space settlement or extra-terrestrial colonization is hypothetical permanent habitation and exploitation of natural resources from outside spaceflight or operating space outputs. The primary argument calling for space colonization is the long-term survival of human civilization and terrestrial life. By developing alternative locations off Earth, the planet’s species, including humans, could live on in the event of natural or human made disasters on our own planet. Colonizing a natural body would provide an ample source of material for construction and other uses in space, including shielding from cosmic radiation. The energy required to send objects from the Moon to space is much less than from Earth to space. The objective of this paper is to study the basic requirements and environment and issues (medical and technical) to face while colonizing the moon. Its base, sides of the moon, soil,gravity requirements, water form particles, etc. This paper also presented the internal structure of the Moon, its design criteria, gravitation, challenges, risk/safety, etc.