Background: The viability of the probiotics reduces because of the high acid and bile salt concentrations present in the stomach. Probiotic cultures can be protected during processing, storage and passage of the probiotic product through the gastrointestinal tract by the technique of microencapsulation. Objective: In the present study Exopolysaccharides (EPS)and sodium alginate are incorporated in different ratio to form the encapsulation matrix .They have also been checked for improving the viability of lactic acid bacteria in stimulated GI conditions. Method: EPS were isolated from a reference strain of L.acidophillus and the two strains P8 and Cu3isolated from pumpkin and cucumber.Microencapsulated beads were formed using different combination of EPS and sodium alginate and were analysed in terms of viability, bile tolerance, acid tolerance, survival in gastrointestinal conditions, and antibiotic susceptibility conditions. Results: The results indicated that the increasing concentration of EPS has significantly increased the survival of microencapsulated probiotic in simulated gastro-intestinal condition. The treatment T4 was found to be the best for all the tested conditions. Conclusion: This study has shown the potential application of EPS in microencapsulation to protect probiotics against the adverse condition of gastrointestinal tract.

The study aims at accounting the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae in retail meat samples. Eighty samples were collected from four different locations of Allahabad region. Isolation was done using selective plating according to ISO Standard; ISO 21528-1:2004. Differentiation and characterization of different isolates was based on their growth characteristics on specific culture media, their biochemical confirmatory tests and Gramstaining reactions. Total soluble proteins of the isolates were estimated by Biuret method. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was tested against antibiotics including ampicillin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin at different concentrations. A total of 62 isolates were obtained and identified as Klebsiella planticola, Citrobacter youngae, Enterobacter sp, E. cloacae, K. ornithinolytica and K. pneumonia. All the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin at concentrations of 10, 50, 80 and 100 g/ml. The virulent proteins were highest in Enterobacter (127.3 mg/ml) followed by C. youngae (119.4 mg/ml). Meat sold in the local markets of Allahabad showed presence of pathogenic bacteria belonging particularly to the family Enterobacteriaceae; indicating poor hygienic conditions as well as improper storage environment. The results revealed that K. pneumonia (29.9%) represented the major part of bacterial flora, in the samples followed by C. youngae (20%).

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The study aims at accounting the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae in green leafy vegetable samples. Eighty samples were collected from eight different locations of Prayagraj region. Isolation was done using selective plating according to ISO 21528-1:2004. Differentiation and characterization of isolates was based on their growth characteristics on specific culture media, their biochemical confirmatory tests and gram staining reactions. Total soluble proteins of the isolates were estimated by Biuret method. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was tested against antibiotics including ampicillin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin at different concentrations. A total of 54 isolates were obtained and identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella planticola, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhi. All the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin at concentrations of 10, 50, 80 and 100 µg/ ml. About 78.5% isolates at 80 µg/ml of Ampicillin and 85.8% isolates at the concentration of 50 µg/ml of Streptomycin showed their zone of inhibition within the range of 10-15 mm diameter, while, 91.6% isolates showed their zone of inhibition within the range of 15-20 mm diameter at 10 µg/ml concentration of ciprofloxacin. The fresh green leafy vegetables sold in the local markets of Prayagraj showed presence of pathogenic bacteria belonging particularly to the family Enterobacteriaceae; indicating poor hygienic conditions as well as improper storage environment.