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Objective To assess the impact of metformin use on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in tuberculosis (TB) patients who are presented with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methodology In this community‐based prospective study, TB patients attending Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital, New Delhi (India) and had comorbidity of T2DM between April 2018 and July 2019 were enrolled. Patients were divided into metformin users and metformin non‐users on the basis of the presence of metformin in their routine as antidiabetic drug(s). HRQoL was determined using a validated TB‐specific tool (Dhingra and Rajpal‐12 scale ie, DR‐12) consists of symptom and socio‐psychological and exercise adaptation domains. The HRQoL scores were compared at pretreatment (1st visit), end of intensive phase (2nd visit) and end of treatment (3rd visit) between the two groups. Results A total of 120 patients were enrolled, of which 24 were excluded as they did not respond at follow‐up visits. Among the metformin users (n = 48) the mean age of patients was 47.56 years and 62.50% was males. Among the metformin non‐users (n = 48), the mean age of patients was 49.02 years and 54.10% was males. The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups except for the substance used history (P = .025), literacy level (P = .048) and BMI (P = .028). Metformin users demonstrated significant improvement in symptom scores (2nd visit: P < .001; 3rd visit: P = .001) and socio‐psychological and exercise adaptation scores (2nd visit: P < .0001; 3rd visit: P < .0001) as compared with metformin non‐users at 2nd visit and 3rd visit. Overall, scores were also found to be significantly improved in metformin users (2nd visit: P < .001; 3rd visit: P = .001). Conclusion Metformin therapy exerted favourable effects on HRQoL in patients with TB and T2DM and can be recommended as an adjuvant antitubercular drug in TB patients with co‐morbidity of T2DM, unless contraindicated.

Debates emanate from dualities, situations of conflict, contradictions and paradoxes. Modernity is a paradox of sorts. So too was the colonial experience. Contrary to popular belief, Gandhi looked at the Indian traditions and ways of life from the perspective derived from western modernist epistemology. Our attitude to modernity is bound up, consciously or otherwise, with our perspective on colonialism as the forerunner of modernity. The word ‘modernity’ has varied connotations. In the present context, it is to be understood, chiefly, as western Enlightenment modernity mediated through European colonialism. But the perception of Gandhi and V.D. Savarkar differed regarding western Enlightenment modernity as there were differences of opinion between them on almost every political and social issue and methods of struggle against colonialism. These differences were rooted actually in their understanding of modernity, its epistemologies and variants prevalent in Europe, their relevance for Indian context and national liberation struggle. Gandhi’s may appear to be rooted in indigenous traditions but he also inherited the ‘scientific temper’ and methods and weapons of struggle which ‘modern politics’ has brought to forefront in Europe and America. Savarkar, on the other hand, was influenced by the intellectual trends which forged the weapons for the Right-wing politics in Europe. Gandhi appears to be always open to dialogue even though his position may be very dogmatic on certain issues but Savarkar is free from ambivalences that resurface repeatedly in Gandhi. The reflection is to be found in their political, literary, philosophical and other discourses, providing contexts in which debates unfold concerning customs, laws, religions, languages, generations, regions and ends and means controversy. They underpin controversies over the relationship of the individual to the collective.

One of the plebeian environmental moral dilemmas that are noticed in third world nations are the dialectical assimilation in between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. Owing to some devout and semipolitical prejudices some people are taking the whip hand over nature snubbing the nature, flora and fauna. But concurrently some of the great unwashed gestate in nature centered ecological system and yielding values to all non-human entities unheeding of their usefulness to human civilization. In the third world Asian countries this situation is even more abominable and eminent eco-socialists assay to exhibit this delineated envision in various ways for it becomes necessitate for them. While it is in the case of literary eminent some Indian English poets conjure up their apotheosis and cerebration through their penned composition. Poets from Indiaon one hand depict the anthropocentric attitude of their native people and simultaneously they assume ecocentric attitude. Exalted bookmen like Keki N.Daruwalla and Shiv K.Kumar evince the world with its acculturation, sights and sounds, predilection, disillusionment, bewilderment and discombobulation ensuing from modern way of living and mentation. So from this vantage point their eco-poems arbitrate in between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. A construe brooding of some of their oeuvre excogitate light on environmental awareness along with the enactment of human and non-human relation which is often laissez faire and patriarchal. Concurrently their perdurable compositions splay socio-ecologic discouse through which readers can ensnarl with the demography, urbanization, modernization and development of environmental activism. Their abiding oeuvre works like a mirror where the congenial understanding between man and nature along with the scope of verdict is contrived. Working within the peripheries of environmentalism their aeonian verse paves a way through which a solution within this third world environmentalism can be made possible.

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