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Steam methane reforming (SMR) is the most widely used process in industry for the production of hydrogen, which is considered as the future generation energy carrier. Having been perceived as an important source of H2, there are abundant incentives for design and development of SMR processes mainly through the consideration of process intensification and multiscale modeling; two areas which are considered as the main focus of the future generation chemical engineering to meet the global energy challenges. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the process integration aspects for SMR, especially the potential for multiscale modeling in this area. The intensification for SMR is achieved by coupling with adsorption and membrane separation technologies, etc., and using the concept of multifunctional reactors and catalysts to overcome the mass transfer, heat transfer, and thermodynamic limitations. In this article, the focus of existing and future research on these emerging areas has been drawn. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

An investigation of a low-carbon, Fe-Cu-based steel, for Naval ship hull applications, with a yield strength of 965 MPa, Charpy V-notch absorbed impact-energy values as high as 74 J at -40°C, and an elongation-to-failure greater than 15 pct, is presented. The increase in strength is derived from a large number density (approximately 10 23 to 10 24 m -3 ) of copper-iron-nickelaluminum-manganese precipitates. The effect on the mechanical properties of varying the thermal treatment was studied. The nanostructure of the precipitates found within the steel was characterized by atom-probe tomography. Additionally, initial welding studies show that a brittle heat-affected zone is not formed adjacent to the welds.