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The concept of mid-level health providers started 100 years ago in many countries and showed a remarkable change in their health indicators. Since last 10 years, the growth of health professionals is in rise with its new emerging roles. Special training with adopted skills is required for mid-level health care providers and the outline roles and responsibilities are already in existence for them. Mid-level health care providers are new emerging workforce in healthcare sector. India is alarming country for disease burden and to cover the huge gap in providing health care facilities, it requires the mid-level health care providers at different settings of the country. Indian community setting is in need to have access of affordable health care and government of India through National Health Mission (NHM) has declare the new pivotal role of community health officer (CHO) with its constructed roles and responsibilities for public health. According to NMC bill 2019, nurses are the first choice for CHO and this will also pave the way for professional development. Since there is global shortage of healthcare professionals and raising need of health care facilities especially in community setting, CHO is new evolving role which will promote the health care in access to community public. CHO being Midlevel health care provider will reduce the burden of other healthcare professionals and also contribute to achieve the aim of ‘health for all’. The aim of this review was to bring a new insight of CHO with its global concept.

Background: Active management of the third stage of labor can easily prevent life-threatening complications of the third stage such as retention of the placenta or its parts, prolonged duration, or postpartum hemorrhage due to atonicity of the uterus. Intraumbilical vein (IUV) injection of oxytocic agents is recommended by some guidelines. Unfortunately, intravenous (IV) oxytocin, although common practice, has not been compared with IUV oxytocic agents in reviews and meta-analysis. Therefore, the main objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of IUV oxytocic agents with intramuscular (IM) and Intravenous (IV) oxytocics on outcomes of the third stage. Materials and Methods: The authors searched randomized and non-randomized control trials through electronic databases which include PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL and gray literature. The search terms were "umbilical vein injection," "intraumbilical vein injection," "umbilical vein oxytocin," oxytocin, uterotonic, placenta, "retained placenta," labor, "third stage of labor," and "postpartum hemorrhage." Five hundred and ninety-four articles were identified and nine met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. Results: The pooled results reported that duration of the third stage was 1.23 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-2.04) shorter, amount of blood loss was 79.09 ml. (95% CI: 46.90-111.28) lesser, and placental separation time was 37.69 seconds (95% CI: 0.58-74.80) shorter in the IUV oxytocin group than the IV oxytocin group. Comparison of IUV oxytocin and IV carbetocin shows no statistically significant differences. In comparison with IM oxytocin, IUV oxytocin also results in 1.13 min (95% CI: 0.28-1.97) shorter duration of the third stage of labor but not shows any significant difference for amount of blood loss. Conclusion: IUV oxytocin is more beneficial for reduction of duration of the third stage of labor, amount of blood loss, and placental separation time than the IV and IM oxytocin.

Sexual dysfunction is a known adverse effect of psychotropic medications. Even though sexual difficulties are common in patients taking psychotropic medications; very few studies have been carried out in India. Objective: To study the prevalence and nature of SD among patients with mental illness receiving psychotropic medications under routine clinical condititions. Materials and Methods: This study was cross sectional hospital based study conducted at tertiary care hospital, Maharashtra, India. The study used a convenience sample selected during the outpatient unit of psychiatry department. The study sample consisted of 53 married male patients who presented with psychiatric illness as diagnosed by DSM-V criteria. Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire (PRSexDQ-SALSEX)19, was used to assessed the participants sexual functioning. Results: Study sample consist of 53 married male patients, the mean age of study sample was 36.74 years, out of which most of the patients were from rural (64.2%) area. The results reveal that when there is exposure to psychotropic in the patient, changes are noticed in the sexual activity. Sexual dysfunction was highest in the antipsychotic group compared to others. Conclusion: Psychotropic-induced sexual dysfunction is very common among patients receiving antipsychotics medication. Clinicians should be aware about this while prescribing psychotropic medications and should make treatment plan to manage psychotropic-induced sexual dysfunction for better outcomes and patient's compliance to treatment.

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