Epignathus is an extremely rare oropharyngeal teratoma that commonly arises from the palate, leading to a high mortality (80–100%) due to airway obstruction in the neonatal period. We present a case of epignathus immature teratoma with fetiform features, originating from basisphenoid in a 28-week preterm male baby, who succumbed to death immediately after birth. Since epignathus is a life-threatening condition at the time of delivery, a prenatal diagnosis is essential to coordinate the treatment and appropriate management by securing the airway, either by endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy followed by complete resection of the tumor.

Diaphragmatic hernia is due to a defect in the diaphragm which can be either congenital or acquired, leading to herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. The most common cause of acquired diaphragmatic hernias is trauma. Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries that are acquired are uncommon and are missed frequently due to non-specific features and initial small size of hernia. Blunt or penetrating thoracic or abdominal injury can result in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernias are more common on the left side compared to the right side because of congenitally strong right hemidiaphragm and protection by the liver. 0.8-3.6% of blunt trauma patients present with right-sided hernia. Proper diagnosis of both benign and life-threatening manifestations of diaphragmatic hernias is very important for further management. [1,2,3,4] Diaphragmatic hernias are uncommon, and at times are incidental. Diaphragmatic hernias are of two types, congenital and traumatic. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias are rare. We are presenting a case of 72 years old male with incidentally detected right-sided diaphragmatic hernia with classical signs which helped in diagnosing the condition.

Rationale and Objectives Skeleton analysis based on age and gender is of great importance since it is an initial step in personal identification and can be used to rebuild biological profiles and narrow down diagnosis toward correct possibilities of any unknown skeletons. Different dimensions of the maxillary sinus (MS) can be used to differentiate between gender. This study aims to evaluate and compare the dimensions and volume of MS among age and genders. Materials and Methods Ninety patients (male 49, female 41) were studied. Different dimensions of MS, like anteroposterior (AP), superioinferior (SI), mediolateral (ML) diameter, volume of MS, and the distance between two MS were measured on computed tomography (CT) paranasal sinus images using an inbuilt electronic caliper on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software. Statistical Analysis Independent t-test and analysis of variance were used for data analysis in genders and age groups. Paired t-test was used for comparison of right and left MS. Results The dimensions and volume of MS were higher in males than females. Dimensions such as AP, SI diameter (p < 0.005), and volume of MS (p < 0.001) were significantly different in genders. The ML diameter and the distance between two MS were statistically insignificant in genders. No significant difference between MS dimensions and volume was noted in different age groups, but age group 3 (41–55 years) showed higher mean values for all the measurements. A consistency was noted in the measurements in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images. Conclusion MS dimensions are greater in males compared with females. The different dimensions and volumes of the MS using 2D or 3D CT scan images can be used along with other methods for gender determination in forensic anthropology.