Osteoporosis encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions associated with imbalance of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities. The increased activity of osteoclasts leads to increased free radical formation and hence lipid peroxidation. Present study probes into the role of antioxidants as a palliative treatment for osteoporosis. It involved 50 healthy controls and 75 clinically diagnosed osteoporosis patients. Both the groups underwent baseline assessment of biochemical markers viz. osteoblastic markers: serum Alkaline phosphatase. Free or ionic calcium and Inorganic phosphorus, osteoclastic markers: serum Tartarate resistant acid phosphatase and Malondialdehyde and the antioxidant status: serum Superoxide dismutase and Erythrocyte reduced glutathione. The osteoporotic group was then divided into groups A (Vitamin E-Evinal 400 mg), B (Vitamin C-Celin 500 mg), C (Vitamin E+C-Evinal+Celin) for antioxidant supplementation for a period of 90 days. The results reveal that there is significant fall in concentration of serum MDA (p<0.001), TrACP (p<0.01). Improvement in antioxidant status is reflected by significant rise in concentration of serum SOD (p<0.001) and erythrocyte GSH (p<0.001) after 90 days of antioxidant supplementation in osteoporosis. The findings indicate that on the whole bone status improved with prolonged antioxidant vitamin supplementation, which can be used as a palliative treatment for osteoporosis. The efficacy is not affected whether the vitamins are administered singly or conjointly.

Introduction: Sepsis remains a major cause of death in critically ill patients in Indian population because of high susceptibility towards infectious diseases in the world. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a well-studied marker in foreign countries but needs to be established in Indian population. In the last few years, importance of Arginase as a marker of immunity has also increased exceptionally, because this enzyme is essentially involved in different inflammatory processes. Keeping these facts in mind PCT and Arginase were evaluated for their utility as markers to diagnose sepsis. Aim: To evaluate Arginase and PCT as biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis. Materials and Methods: Hundred adult patients (age >18 years) with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) attending BJ Medical College which is affiliated with Sassoon General Hospital (Pune, Maharashtra, India) during May 2012-July 2015 were incorporated in the study. Age n sex-matched of 100 samples healthy controls were also collected. Arginase was estimated by Roman and Ray method and PCT by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit (ELISA) method. Unpaired t-test was done to compare the mean biomarker levels between the cases and controls. The Area Under Curve (AUC) was calculated using Receiver Operating Curve (ROC). All the data analysis was set at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and value p<0.05 are statistically significant. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: In the study, a significant increase was observed in the levels of arginase (p<0.01) and PCT (p<0.01) in cases as compared to controls. ROC curves were plotted to find out the cut-offs of arginase (4.6 IU/L) and PCT (0.04 ng/mL) to check the diagnostic efficacy of both the biomarkers. Conclusion: Serum PCT and arginase offers a high level of accuracy than other currently available tests and hence can be helpful in the management of sepsis. In addition to this apart from high sensitivity and specificity arginase estimation is cost effective as compared to PCT.

Introduction: Sepsis is one of the challenges for the doctors who treat critically ill patients. Delay in diagnosis and late administration of antibiotics have been shown to increase mortality in this cohort. In the present study CRP is used as a traditional marker of an acute inflammatory state and infection. In last couple of years use of Arginase as immune marker has increased enormously. An interplay between Arginase and Nitric oxide has also been reported in immune cells including macrophages, lymphocytes etc. due to limited availability of Arginine in sepsis. Keeping all these facts in mind, present study was designed. Aims and Objectives: To find out the diagnostic role of Arginase and Nitric oxide in sepsis and to compare with CRP level. Material & Methods: Thirty patients admitted in MICU of Sassoon Hospital, Pune having SIRS and thirty age, sex matched healthy controls were included in this study. Intravenous blood samples were obtained and analyzed. CRP was done by kit method, Arginase activity was estimated by Roman and Ray method while NO levels were measured by Cortas & Wakid method. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study showed significant increase in the levels of CRP. Serum arginase was also increased significantly with concomitant decrease in the levels of nitric oxide when compared with healthy controls. So we can conclude from the results that nitric oxide and arginase levels along with CRP may be useful in diagnosis of sepsis.

With increasing populations, the prevalence of prostate cancer increases. In the future, a significant public health crisis can be recognized in the present incidence of prostate cancer. In order to counter this, markers should be established for the advanced diagnosis and treatment of the illness prognosis. The cells dominate our immune system and grow into a detectable tumour, causing cancer. At this stage in the body, several processes are dominated, governed and deregulated by the tumour. In most cases, immune response undertakes measures by limiting the availability of Arginine. In this context it is fascinating to examine how the levels of Arginine fluctuate with the severity of the disease and the levels of Arginase and NO. Substances and methods: In 25 beginning phases and 25 advanced stage of the prostate cancer patients and compared to 25 healthy controls, 5 ml of the blood were taken and tested for serum levels of Arginina, and nitric oxide. A substantial reduction in arginine (p<0.001) found was detected. In Arginase and levels a substantial increase (p<0.001) was detected. Conclusion: Increased Arginase levels are linked to the illness progression and the result lowers as Arginase uses most phases. Therefore, Arginase inhibition can be promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer.