Background: There is a increase in prevalence and burden of myopia in India, hence extent of myopia awareness among Indian parents is required to prepare future public health initiatives and interventions. Hence a survey was conducted. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of myopia awareness among a group of parents based in Vidarbha region of India. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey, 150 parents with at least one child under the age of 16 years participated in the study. Age, gender, educational qualification and number of children were asked, the amount of time a child spends on his device, the acceptable distance between the eyes and device screen, the preventive measures of myopia and awareness of symptoms of myopia in their children were collected via a written questionnaire. Results: Eighty-three participants (55.33%) thought that the safe distance between device screen and eyes was less than 30cms. Fifteen 10% (15/150) participants were aware that outdoor activity and natural light has a preventive effect on myopia and onset and progression. 16.66% (25/150) and 63.33% (95/150) of the participants, respectively, were aware that looking into the distance and taking regular breaks from device use prevent myopia onset and progression. Hundred (66.66%, 100/150) participants reported that regular eye check-ups were important for children. Overall, only 14 participants (9.33%) were aware that all 4 strategies are important for myopia management. Majority of the participants reported that their children spent 2 hours on screen (73.33%,110/150), none of the participants reported study time of 4 hours or more than 4 hrs, 15 participants reported study time of 3 hours (10 percent), 25 participants reported screen time of 1 hour (16.66%). Majority of the participants were not aware of the rule of 20-20-20, looking into the distance in online study and prolonged screen time (73.33%,110/150). Only twenty participants reported headache and tiredness (9.7%) in their children, no other symptoms were recognised. Conclusion: Survey demonstrated a poor level of awareness of protective role of outdoor activity in its onset and progression. Importance of regular eye check-ups and outdoor activity and risks of smart device usage should be included in awareness programs and other health education programs.

Background: Prolonged use of electronic devices poses a significant risk of Computer vision syndrome (CVS). Computer Vision syndrome is emerging as the next unexpected epidemic of the COVID era. Almost all children attending regular online schools are suffering from mild to severe Computer vision syndrome. Besides health problems, CVS also results in concentrate difficulties in studies and decrease a child’s performance. Awareness regarding CVS is increasing among folks of all ages since it has hit not just school going children but their parents as well who are pursuing work from home. Materials and Methods: From March 2020 to March 2021, a multidisciplinary study was conducted to look at the increase in CVS and related factors among school-age children in School of Scholars, Nagpur taking online classes. The randomized controlled trial was used to select 600-school aged children between the ages of 8 and 17, and data was collected using a systematic questionnaire completed by the children's parents. Results: CVS was found in 345 (57.5%) of the 600 children studied, which is very concerning. With proportions of 83.50 percent, 66.33 percent, and 62.17 percent, respectively, the most common reported signs of CVS were eyestrain, eye inflammation, and eye pain. CVS are linked to daily screen use and pre-existing eye disorder. Conclusion: To deter CVS, it is critical to reduce screen time, improve parent and child understanding of safety precautions, and receive management support. To protect a child's overall well-being, we encourage policymakers and parents to restrict e-learning, since it will never be a suitable replacement for conventional classroom instruction.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in which the tear film’s homeostasis is lost, along with other ocular symptoms such as tear film instability and high osmolarity, neurosensory abnormalities, and ocular surface inflammation and damage. DED is a condition of lacrimal apparatus which is responsible for tear production. The tear film is a mixture of mucin, aqueous (water and solutes like NacI, sugar, urea, proteins,), lipids secreted by goblet cells, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands, respectively. It keeps the eye moist, provides oxygen to the cornea, and has antibacterial properties. The lipid layer prevents the evaporation of the aqueous. DED is categorized into (i)Aqueous-tear deficiency, characterized by a deficiency of lacrimal glands to secrete tears, (ii)Evaporative DED, associated with increased tear loss by evaporation because there is a deficiency of the meibomian glands. The mechanism of DED might be loss of tear through evaporation or insufficient aqueous production or a combination of the two. DED is a widespread eye problem, which is often left untreated. It causes irritation, itching, dryness, foreign body sensation, and discomfort; severe case causes conjunctival congestion, keratinization, erosion of the corneal epithelium, and plaque formation. If left Univision- threatening vision-threatening, leading to complications like corneal ulceration and perforation. Various clinical tests are used to diose DED, including tear breakup time, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining, and expression of inflammatory markers. There is no cure for DED at present. The following modalities are used for its treatment: use of punctual and canalicular plugs, artificial tear products like polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol with guar HP, consuming food rich in omega-three fatty acids, antioxidants zeaxanthin, and lutein, Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, secretagogues. Reducing or avoiding mild risk factors like prolonged reading, prolonged use of contact lenses, excessive screen time, etc. Treatment of causative disease.  Appropriate management and establishing reasonable patient expectations are necessary to ensure patient satisfaction and adherence to the treatment.

Purpose: Pterygium is a prevalent disease of the eye that challenges ophthalmologists in its management due to its high tendency to reoccur. We performed an analysis to identify among the various surgical and adjuvant treatments the best combination that has the most pterygium recurrence prevention Methods: A search was run through Pubmed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organisation for Randomised control trials and other literature comparing surgical and adjuvant treatments for pterygium. This data was then analyzed to ascertain the various advantages and disadvantages of different surgeries and adjuvant therapies over each other. Results: Following the data analysis, we found out that the order of surgical methods from best to worst is as follows: Conjuctivalautograft>Amniotic membrane autograft>bare sclera. Among the adjuvant therapies studied, we found that the order of effectivity is Mitomycin C followed by anti-VEGF, radiation therapy, and finally 5 Fluorouracil. Conclusion: Bare scleral excision alone has the highest recurrence rate, followed by Amniotic Autograft and conjunctival autograft. The adjuvants that can reduce pterygium recurrences are Mitomycin C, Anti VEGF, 5-Fluorouracil, and radiation therapy with Mitomycin C, the most frequently used and with lesser late complications. More studies with larger samples and long-term follow-ups directly compare these surgical and adjuvant treatments to develop more uniform guidelines for forming treatment plans.

Background: There is a increase in prevalence and burden of myopia in India, hence extent of myopia awareness among Indian parents is required to prepare future public health initiatives and interventions. Hence a survey was conducted. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of myopia awareness among a group of parents based in Vidarbha region of India. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey, 150 parents with at least one child under the age of 16 years participated in the study. Age, gender, educational qualification and number of children were asked, the amount of time a child spends on his device, the acceptable distance between the eyes and device screen, the preventive measures of myopia and awareness of symptoms of myopia in their children were collected via a written questionnaire. Results: Eighty-three participants (55.33%) thought that the safe distance between device screen and eyes was less than 30cms. Fifteen 10% (15/150) participants were aware that outdoor activity and natural light has a preventive effect on myopia and onset and progression.