Neurological disorders are a point of attraction these days due to their physical, mental, and genetic threat to human beings. The researchers are refining the therapeutics and striving to eradicate the life-threatening burden of chronic diseases by upsurging and proposing advanced instrumentation. There are a number of neurological diseases that cause alterations in the genetic sequences due to pathogenic or self-negligence. According to the WHO, stroke, septicemia, PD, epilepsy, and MS are found to be the deadliest and most invading among millions of people. Various diagnostic methods are employed for monitoring these disorders in the human body at an early stage, in process of cure. The current review highlights the strengths of several advanced detection devices, such as biosensors to identify and quantify biomarkers, some sensing gadgets, and other genetic tactics or innovations to ameliorate traditional protocols. Furthermore, the meticulous description of ongoing experiments with the help of relevant case studies of neurodegenerative disorders supports the impact and vitality of advanced equipment. Further, the necessity of biosensors in distinct disorders to aid in an early diagnosis, and the influence of nano-based materials in preparation is emphasized. Finally, several issues that should be addressed in upcoming decades with the steep rise in analytical technology have been discussed.