The major challenge in current chemotherapy is to increase local effective therapeutic concentration of drugs as well as to minimize toxicity and side effects for patients. The targeted delivery of drugs to their desired site of action in a controlled manner plays an essential role in the development of drug formulations. A photocage refers to a caged molecule rendered biologically inert by a photolabile protecting group. Molecules are illuminated with light to liberate the caged group and then become active forms. In this study, we formulate upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the NIR-triggered targeting and drug delivery vehicles that successfully deliver in vitro and in vivo for near-infrared light photocontrolled targeting, bioimaging, and chemotherapy. It is noted that there has been no report on the systemic administration UCNP-based drug delivery agents for evaluation of bioimaging and chemotherapy. To achieve phototargeting, the tumor-homing agent (i.e., folic acid) has been constructed as a photoresponsive molecule. For the chemotherapeutic effect, the antitumor drug doxorubicin is thiolated on the surface of UCNPs, forming a disulfide bond that can be cleaved by lysosomal enzymes within the cells. The caged UNCPs can serve as a platform for the improvement of selective targeting and possible reduction of adverse side effects from chemotherapy.

Aqueous solution containing two additives, chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ) and trisodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ), was irradiated by sunlight, without any additional stimulus such as electric power, to form high-yield Au decahedra. Those Au nanodecahedra were thermodynamically stable and exhibited high performance sensing of lead (Pb 2+ ) ions.Growing global energy consumption leads to continuously increasing accumulation of CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere. Given strong demand for carbon-neutral energy sources, solar energy is widely seen as our largest source of renewable energy. Here, we show a solar-mediated synthesis of high-yield multiplytwinned gold (Au) nanodecahedra. The synthetic process involves only two additives, chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ) and trisodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ), without any additional stimulus such as electric power. Importantly, defects to release the buildup of internal stresses in the Au nanodecahedra serve as active sites, resulting in strong coordination with citrate ions donating electrons from the citrate ions to the Au surface. Therefore, without surface modification or any additional preparation, the thermodynamic stable Au nanodecahedra are able to act as label-free Pb 2+ detection sensors. The minimum detectable concentration of Pb 2+ for label-free Au nanodecahedra is 4.8 nM; however, it is much lower (4.8 pM) for glutathionefunctionalized decahedra. We have developed a green, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive colorimetric sensor.Green synthetic strategies are in great demand, as are processes that reduce the variety and amount of products and wastes hazardous to the environment and human health. Choices of chemicals, solvent media, processes and materials all need to be evaluated from a green chemistry perspective. Solar is widely considered to be the largest source of carbonneutral renewable energy. As a chemical reagent, sunlight is non-toxic, non-polluting, and traceless in chemical processes. However, sunlight is only used to a limited extent in the synthesis