A 1-day, small group discussion education program can effectively improve nurses' knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal. Educators and administrators may replicate this education program to improve the quality of nursing care

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play an important role in defending network optimization (PSO) (termed MSVM-PSO), to detect anomalous connections. To verify the effectiveness of these two proposed algorithms (FS-SVM and MSVM-PSO) and the detection precision of MSVM-PSO, this paper conducts experiments on the famous KDD Cup dataset. This paper compares MSVM-PSO with three commonly adopted algorithms, namely, Bayesian, KMeans, and multiclass SVM with parameters optimized grid method (MSVM-grid). The experimental results show that MSVM-PSO outperforms these three algorithms in detection accuracy , FP rate, and FN rate.

Practical abilities are important for students from majors including Computer Science and Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. Along with the popularity of ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (ACM/ICPC) and other programming contests, online judge (OJ) websites achieve rapid development, thus providing a new kind of programming practice, i.e. online practice. Due to fair and timely feedback results from OJ websites, online practice outperforms traditional programming practice. In order to promote students' practical abilities in programming and algorithm designing, this article presents a novel teaching idea, online judge & practice oriented teaching (OJPOT). OJPOT is applied to Programming Foundation course. OJPOT cultivates students' practical abilities through various kinds of programming practice, such as programming contests, online practice and course project. To verify the effectiveness of this novel teaching idea, this study conducts empirical research. The experimental results show that OJPOT works effectively in enhancing students' practical abilities compared with the traditional teaching idea.

Background: Informed consent is essential for the ethical conduct of clinical research and is a culturally sensitive issue. But, a measurable Chinese version of the scale to evaluate the informed consent process has not yet been explored in the existing literature. Research objectives: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the Chinese version of the Informed Consent Process Scale. Research design: Back-translation was conducted to develop the Chinese version of the questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey was administered, after which an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Participants: We recruited a total of 375 participants who had experience in signing an informed consent form within the previous 3 years in Taiwan. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by two Institutional Review Boards and the autonomy of the participants was respected. Findings: The Chinese version of the Informed Consent Process Scale is composed of three factors with 23 items showing evidence of acceptable reliability and validity. Three major factors were extracted and labeled: Factor 1 – ‘Understanding of the research’, Factor 2 – ‘Trust and confidence’ and Factor 3 – ‘Doubt and uncertainty’. The three factors accounted for is 52.954 of the total variance with Cronbach’s α of .917. Discussion and conclusion: The finding corroborates previous studies showing that participants had too little understanding on the informed consent forms they signed and implied the need to clarify the critical points in clinical research. The psychometric results indicated good internal consistency and validity for this newly constructed instrument, and it was found worthy of conducting further testing and application.

In issue 17(2) of Nursing Ethics, Douglas Olsen and colleagues' article, 1 'Informed consent practices of Chinese nurse researchers', is a good starting point for discussion when taking account of cultural considerations using a western informed consent technique. As a researcher in Taiwan, I find that we also make an effort to protect research participants and include informed consent requirements in the related regulations. However, unlike in the USA, we do not have a general rule on this matter and, therefore, in various situations we have different required elements for inclusion in informed consent forms. Our researchers also face such cultural challenges as outlined by Olsen et al.Our researchers face further challenges in the informed consent process. These include recruitment and retention of research participants, recruitment of members of vulnerable populations, providing information about risks, having discussions with patients about future products, compensation for injuries, conflicts of interest, group consent, and so on.Human research participants' protection needs depend on a comprehensive framework, and there are ongoing challenges between scientific and ethical considerations, especially when different cultures are concerned. Regulations, organizations, principal investigators, sponsors, communities, and institutional review boards or research ethics committees are taking some of the responsibility for these issues, but they need to learn to respect and trust each other.Thank you for sharing these important issues in this journal. It would be helpful to see more discussion of these topics in its pages.